三峡水库水域牧场鲢放流后对环境的生理适应  

Physiological adaption of silver carp in water ranch environment of the Three Gorges Reservoir after stocking

作　　者：英士娟 陶怡曦 胡颖雄[1,2] 杨帆 段必成[1,2] 王军红 李云 YING Shi-juan;TAO Yi-xi;HU Ying-xiong;YANG Fan;DUAN Bi-cheng;WANG Jun-hong;LI Yun(College of Animal Science and Technology,Institute of Three Gorges Ecological Fisheries of Chongqing,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development ( Ministry of Education), Chongqing 400715, China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes,Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute,China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang 443100, Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学动物科技学院重庆三峡生态渔业产业技术研究院,重庆400715 [2]西南大学淡水鱼类资源与生殖发育教育部重点实验室,重庆400715 [3]三峡工程鱼类资源保护湖北省重点实验室中国三峡集团中华鲟研究所,湖北宜昌443100

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2019年第2期9-13,共5页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：重庆市科学技术委员会重点研发项目(cstc2017shms-zdyfX0040);三峡工程鱼类资源保护湖北省重点实验室开放课题项目(SXSN14381);重庆市农业委员会重庆市渔业资源增殖放流效果评估项目(2018);重庆市农业委员会生态渔产业技术体系岗位专家项目(40810017)

摘　　要：为了解人工养殖鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)放流后对环境变化的生理应激响应和适应过程,将池塘养殖鲢放流至三峡水库水域牧场后,测定鲢血清和肝胰脏生理生化指标变化。结果显示,放流后鲢肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性以及血清总蛋白(TP)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆红素(TBIL)和总胆固醇(TC)的含量均呈现先升高后降低的趋势。其中SOD、ALP、ALT、AST和LDH活性及TP、TC和TBIL含量在5 d时显著高于放流前水平,TG含量在28 d显著高于放流前水平,CAT活性在14 d显著高于放流前活性。在放流68 d肝胰脏SOD、CAT、ALP、ALT、AST、LDH活性及TP和TBIL含量与放流前无显著差异。以上结果表明,鲢放流后5～14 d内机体产生了氧化应激反应,肝胰脏受到氧化应激损伤,各项指标在14～28 d之后逐渐下降,放流后60～68 d恢复到放流前水平或达新的稳态。结果表明,鲢从池塘养殖环境转换到天然水体后,会产生短期氧化应激反应,需要1-2月的生理适应期各项机能才能调节至稳定状态。The physiological and biochemical indexes in serum and hepatopancreas of silver carp were determined to elucidate the oxidative stress injure of hepatopancreas and physiological adaption process after stocking into the water ranch of Three Gorges Reservoir, in order to understand the physiological stress response and adaption progress of the pond-rearing Hypophthalmichthys molitrix for environmental changes after stocking.The results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase ( SOD), catalase ( CAT) of hepatopancres, serum alkaline phosphatase ( ALP), alanine aminotransferase ( ALT), aspartate aminotransferase ( AST), lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) and the contents of serum total protein ( TP), triglyceride ( TG), total bilirubin ( TBIL) and total cholesterol ( TC) increased first and then decreased after stocking. The activities of SOD, ALP, ALT, AST and LDH, and the contents of TP, TC and TBIL at 5 d after stocking were significant higher than those before stocking,The content of TG at 28 d and the activity of CAT at 14 d after stocking were significantly higher than those before stocking. There was no significant difference in the activities of SOD, CAT, ALP, ALT, AST, LDH, TP and TBIL between 68 d after stocking and before stocking. The results indicated that silver carp encountered physiological stress response and the hepatopancreas were stress injured within 5~14 days after stocking, and then the above physiological indexes decreased gradually during 14~28 days The recovered the level of before stocking or reached new homeostasis after 60~68 days. Therefore, we concluded that the short-term stress response arises in silver carp when from the pond-rearing environment to the natural water. About 12 months physiological adaption is necessarily required for body functions adjusting to homeostasis.

关 键 词：三峡水库 放流 鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) 环境应激 生理适应 

分 类 号：Q178.11[生物学—水生生物学]