海南地区鱼虾混养模式下密度对罗非鱼的生长、代谢和免疫的影响  

Effects of different culture densities on growth, metabolism and immune function of tilapia under mixed culture of fish and shrimp in Hainan Province

作　　者：肖炜[1] 李大宇[1] 邹芝英[1] 祝璟琳[1] 李芳远 佟延南 王德强 杨弘[1] XIAO Wei;LI Da-yu;ZOU Zhi-ying;ZHU Jing-lin;LI Fang-yuan;TONG Yan-nan;WANG De-qiang;YANG Hong(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture,Freshwater Fisheries Research Center,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuxi 214081,China;Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Science,Haikou 570100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心农业部淡水鱼类遗传育种和养殖生物学重点开放实验室,江苏无锡214081 [2]海南省海洋与渔业科学院,海口570100

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2019年第2期101-106,共6页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(2017JBFZ03);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-46);罗非鱼原良种保种选育(2130315)

摘　　要：为优化鱼虾混养模式,设置不同的罗非鱼(Oreochromis)养殖密度(6 000、8 000和10 000尾/667 m^2),凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)轮捕轮放,每次每口5 000尾,通过150 d的养殖比较分析罗非鱼生长、血清代谢和非特异性免疫。结果显示:3个密度下罗非鱼增重率分别为71 194%、69 285%和49 977%,特定生长率分别为4.37%/d、4.36%/d和4.14%/d;10 000尾/667 m^2密度下罗非鱼血清中葡萄糖、甘油三脂和总胆固醇浓度均低于6 000尾/667 m^2和8 000尾/667 m^2密度组,而血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶含量则呈现相反的趋势;肝脏免疫基因C-LZM表达量随着养殖密度的上升显著下调,而IL-1β、TNF-α则与之相反,6 000尾/667 m^2密度下罗非鱼肝脏表达水平显著低于10 000尾/667 m^2组。结果表明,高密度养殖下养殖密度对罗非鱼生长、血清代谢、肝脏免疫基因表达影响显著,建议罗非鱼密度不高于8 000尾/667 m^2。An 150-days feeding trail was conducted to access the effects of different stocking densities ( 6 000/667 m 2 , 10 000/667 m 2 8 000/667 m 2 ) of tilapia on growth, serum metabolism and innate immune responses of GIFT tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ), with the purpose of optimizing model of mixed culture of fish and shrimp ( Penaeus vannamei ). Shrimps were catching and stocking in rotation, 5 000 each time. At the end of feeding trail, the weight gain rates ( WGR) and specific growth rates ( SGR) of tilapia had been significantly affected by culturing density ( P <0.05). WGR were 71 194%, 68 285%and 49 977%, respectively. SGR were 4.37%/d, 4.36%/d and 4.14%/d, respectively. In serum metabolism, serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels in fish cultured with density of 10 000/667 m 2 were significantly lower than those with densities of 6 000/667 m 2 and 8 000/667 m 2 . However, the results of aspartate aminotransferase ( AST) and alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) activities showed the reverse trend. In innate immune responses, the expression of immune related hepatic genes C-LZM increased significantly ( P <0.05) by incremental stocking density while expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α showed the reverse trend. Tilapia feeding in 6 000/667 m 2 density showed down regulation of hepatic transcription in IL-1β and TNF-α compared to 10 000/667 m 2 . Based on the analysis of above data, this research can draw the conclusion that high stocking intensity plays an important role in growth performance, serum metabolism and innate immune response of tilapia,the optimal tilapia culturing density was estimated to not beyond 8 000/667 m 2 .

关 键 词：鱼虾混养 养殖密度 特定生长率 血清代谢 非特异性免疫 

分 类 号：S965.125[农业科学—水产养殖]