美国农业政策的历史与演进  

The History and Evolution of American Agricultural Policy

作　　者：詹姆斯.诺瓦克 詹姆斯.皮斯 拉里.桑德斯 王宇[4] James L. Novack;JamesW.Pease;Larry D. Sanders;Wang Yu

机构地区：[1]美国阿拉巴马州奥本大学 [2]美国弗吉尼亚理工学院 [3]美国俄克拉荷马州立大学 [4]中国人民银行研究局

出　　处：《金融发展研究》2019年第3期34-37,共4页Journal Of Financial Development Research

摘　　要：早期的美国农业政策主要关注财政收入和粮食安全,并没有太关注农民收入和社会福利。公共土地分配也遇到了许多复杂问题,包括奴隶制与国家权利、美国内战与印第安战争、经济利益与政治利益等。政府腐败、对农民不负责任,以及金融危机等推动了农民组织的崛起,并且逐步形成了独立的经济和政治诉求。今天美国农业政策、农业制度和农业立法的大部分是18—19世纪的经济和政治遗产。经历了长期而艰难的发展,到19世纪末,美国逐步建立了较为完善的农业政策、较为发达的农业经济和较为完善的农业基础设施。Early US agricultural policies focused on fiscal revenues and food security,and did not pay much attention to farmers income and social welfare. Public land allocation has also encountered many complex issues,including slavery and state rights,the American CivilWar and the IndianWar,economic interests and political interests. Government corruption,irresponsibility to farmers,and financial crises have fueled the rise of peasant organizations and have gradually formed independent economic and political demands. Most of the US agricultural policy, agricultural system and agricultural legislation today is the economic and political legacy of the 18th-19th centuries. After a long and difficult development,by the end of the 19th century,the United States has gradually established a relatively complete agricultural policy,a more developed agricultural economy and a relatively complete agricultural infrastructure.

关 键 词：农业政策 农民组织 农民收入 

分 类 号：F830[经济管理—金融学]