巨噬细胞在内耳急性损伤中的作用  

The Role of Macrophages in Inner Ear Acute Injury

作　　者：陈林军[1] 韩维举[1] CHEN Linjun;HAN Weiju(Department of Otolaryngology, Head&Neck Surgery, Chinese P LA General Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Impairment Science (Chinese PLA Medical School) Ministry of Education,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hearing Impairment Prevention and Treatment,Laboratory of Military Acoustic Trauma Protection, Beijing 100853)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军总医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科聋病教育部重点实验室聋病防治北京市重点实验室军事声损伤防护实验室,北京100853

出　　处：《中华耳科学杂志》2019年第2期257-261,共5页Chinese Journal of Otology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(No:81170908;81470683;81670940);全军后勤重点项目(BWS14J045)~~

摘　　要：内耳巨噬细胞主要分为常驻巨噬细胞和浸润巨噬细胞。声损伤和耳毒性药物刺激后可引起免疫细胞浸润到耳蜗,造成内耳毛细胞的损伤,但损伤机理尚不完全了解。对内耳免疫系统的研究主要集中于声损伤、耳毒性药物刺激后内耳TLR4激活、细胞因子和趋化因子的释放以及浸润巨噬细胞的聚集,通过RNA测序、基因芯片和定量PCR来分析声损伤后整个耳蜗的基因表达情况,从而更好地理解引导免疫细胞到耳蜗的趋化因子和细胞因子的作用,使用阻断细胞因子或免疫受体的免疫抑制剂能减轻毛细胞的损伤。然而并非所有的免疫细胞都对耳蜗有害,CX3CR1+(趋化因子受体1)的常驻巨噬细胞能保护毛细胞免受浸润巨噬细胞介导的损伤。本文就巨噬细胞在听力损失模型中的研究作一综述,并着重介绍免疫应答与听力损失之间的联系。Cochlear macrophages are mainly divided into resident and infiltrating macrophages. Acoustic trauma and ototoxic drugs can cause immune cells to infiltrate into the cochlea and the loss of hair cells, but the damaging mechanism is not fully understood. The study of inner ear immune system mainly focuses on activation of TLR4, release of cytokines and chemokines, and aggregation of infiltrating macrophages after acoustic trauma and ototoxic drugs exposure. RNA sequencing, gene chips and quantitative PCR are used to analyze cochlear gene expression after acoustic trauma, so as to better understand the chemokines and cytokines that direct immune cells to the cochlea. Hair cell damage can be alleviated by immunosuppressive agents blocking cytokines or immunoreceptors. However, not all immune cells are harmful to the cochlea. The CX3CR1+ resident macrophages protect hair cells from the damage by infiltrating macrophages. This article reviews the research on macrophages in hearing loss models and highlights the link between immune response and hearing loss.

关 键 词：耳毒性 巨噬细胞 TLR4 声损伤 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]