苯装载过程中挥发物对船舶环境和船员的影响  

Impact of Volatiles Released During Loading Benzene on Environment and Human

作　　者：李建民[1] 王喆 张瑞恒 王倩[1] 李清波[2] LI Jianmin;WANG Zhe;ZHANG Ruiheng;WANG Qian;LI Qingbo(Navigation College,Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学航海学院,辽宁大连116026 [2]大连海事大学环境科学与工程学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《中国航海》2019年第1期109-113,共5页Navigation of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41371448);广东海事局国际海事组织GMDSS复审与现代化对船员培训;发证影响与研究科技项目

摘　　要：为研究海上危险化学品运输系统中"货物"因素对船舶"环境"和"人"因素影响的主要途径,以船舶装载散装液体苯为研究对象,选用不锈钢热脱附管针对重点区域和操作环节的挥发物取样,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析气体成分和浓度,运用美国环保总局(Environmental Protection Agency,EPA)评估法研究数据结果。试验和研究结果表明:苯装载过程中有害挥发物主要包括苯、甲苯和二甲苯;环境污染严重的区域包括船岸接驳点、货舱道门附近和餐厅等;环境挥发物浓度与气象条件、船员操作规范程度等因素密切相关;非致癌风险和致癌风险与船员的工龄和岗位等相关。The study on the volatiles released during the loading process of benzene in key areas is to determine the impact on environment and on human onboard chemical tankers. The air is sampled with stainless steel thermal desorption tubes and analyzed with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to find the gas composition and their concentration. The data are studies by EPA(Environmental Protection Agency) assessment method. It is found that the harmful volatiles contained are mainly benzene, toluene and xylene and the heavily polluted areas onboard a chemical tanker include the connections of the cargo hose between the ship and the shore, the vicinity of cargo door access and the messroom. The concentration of the volatiles in air is closely related to factors such as meteorological conditions and the degree of crew members following the operational instructions. The possibility of causing cancer depends on the service time and the post of the crew member.

关 键 词：海上危化品运输 挥发物质 船舶环境 货物操作 人员安全 

分 类 号：X965[环境科学与工程—安全科学]