改革开放以来中国宏观经济理论与政策的演变  

The Evolution of China’s Macroeconomic Theories and Policies Since the Reform and Opening-up

作　　者：张琦[1] ZHANG Qi(Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100836)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所

出　　处：《经济与管理研究》2019年第4期3-13,共11页Research on Economics and Management

摘　　要：从1978年到1992年,中国宏观经济思想完成了从"综合平衡"到"宏观调控"范式的转换,宏观经济政策主要表现为治理三次经济过热的实践。1993年到1997年,中国宏观调控的思想基本形成,并成功运用于经济"软着陆"。1998年到2012年,中国特色宏观调控充分展现,突出表现为应对两次外部经济冲击。2013年至今,中国经济发展进入新常态,供给侧结构性改革成为宏观调控的新亮点。中国的"宏观调控"这一概念,在内涵上远大于宏观经济学中的"需求管理政策"。除财政政策和货币政策之外,区域政策、产业政策、土地政策等也都被纳入宏观调控的范畴当中,这是中国特色宏观调控最典型的特征。中国特色宏观调控有利的一面在于,当面临外部冲击时,政府可以动用一切能够动用的政策工具,将外部冲击导致的总需求下滑迅速调整到经济的潜在增长率水平,甚至超过潜在增长率水平;不利的一面在于,以牺牲各种生产要素的配置效率为代价来换取经济的长期增长,是不可持续的。供给侧结构性改革,成为中国特色宏观调控新的亮点。From 1978 to 1992, China s macroeconomic thought had finished the paradigm shift from overall balance to macro-control,and the macroeconomic policies were aimed at controlling the overheating economy for three times. From 1993 to 1997,China s macroeconomic thought began to take shape and was successfully applied to the economic soft-landing. From 1998 to 2012, the macro-control with Chinese characteristics was fully displayed in meeting external shocks twice. Since 2013,China s economic development has entered a new normal and the supply- side structural reform become the new highlight of macro-control. In China,the concept of macro-control is much wider than the demand management policy in macroeconomics. In addition to fiscal and monetary policies,regional policy, industrial policy and land policy are all included and become a typical feature of the macro-control in China. The advantage of China s macro-control is that the government can resort to all kinds of policy tools to quickly pull the economy to the potential output level or even beyond it when encountering external shocks;while the disadvantage is the unsustainable economic growth at the expense of allocative efficiencies of the factors of production.

关 键 词：改革开放 综合平衡 宏观调控 宏观经济思想 供给侧结构性改革 

分 类 号：F061.2[经济管理—政治经济学] F123.16