农牧交错区耕地变化及其非边际化特征分析——基于规模与收益水平视角  

Analysis of cultivated land expansion in farming-pastoral zone:Based upon the perspective of scale and income

作　　者：李超 张凤荣[1,2] 张天柱 赵晓宇[3] 徐艳 LI Chao;ZHANG Fengrong;ZHANG Tianzhu;ZHAO Xiaoyu;XU Yan(College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality,Ministry of Land and Resources,Beijing 100193,China;Information Center of Ministry of Land and Resources,Beijing 100812,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]国土资源部农用地质量与监控重点实验室,北京100193 [3]国土资源部信息中心,北京100812

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2019年第3期146-155,共10页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家公益性行业基金项目(201411009)

摘　　要：以科尔沁左翼后旗为研究区,利用遥感方法和耕地变化重要性指数模型,分析2008—2013年科左后旗耕地面积变化特征,并结合农户调研数据,利用综合平衡法从农户耕种规模与收益水平视角探讨农牧交错区耕地变化的动因。结果表明:1)随着农村劳动力非农化转移,2008—2013年科左后旗耕地面积不降反增,草地被开垦为耕地现象明显;2)2008—2013年科左后旗耕地边际化现象不明显,单位耕地面积平均纯收益为5 412.60元/hm^2,农民为了增加收入而扩大耕种规模。研究认为,虽然农牧交错区单位面积耕种收益水平不高,但由于可以实现规模经营,农民通过人为垦殖等方式扩大耕地面积而使劳均耕种收益达到社会平均收入水平,是造成边际耕地呈现非边际化特征的重要原因。建议加强对农牧交错区边际耕地合理利用方面的研究,并针对农牧交错区进一步采取生态保护措施,降低耕地扩展引发生态环境恶化的风险。This study takes Horqin Left Back Banner as the research area and analyzed the characteristics of cultivated land area expansion from 2008 to 2013 using the method of remote sensing.Then the condition of input-output of cultivated land is investigated to explore incentives of cultivated land expansion in farming-pastoral zone from the perspective of scale and income level of farmers.The results showed that:1) Although rural labor had shifted,the area of cultivated land in Horqin Left Back Banner increased from 2008 to 2013 because of the reclamation of grassland into cultivated land;2) Farmers expanded cultivated land in order to increase their income because the average net income per unit area of cultivated land was ￥5 412.60 per hectare.The conclusions are as follows:Although the yield per unit area of farmland in farming-pastoral zone is weak,since farmers can achieve certain scale management of cultivated land and farming income reach the average social income level,cultivated land will not be abandoned or marginalized,in addition,other land will be converted to cultivated land.Therefore,this study suggests that the cultivated land be further expanded unless take ecological protection measures,and the risk of ecological deterioration still exists.

关 键 词：耕地利用 耕地边际化 农地经营规模 生态保护 农牧交错区 

分 类 号：F301.21[经济管理—产业经济]