在“恶霸”与“绅士”之间——现当代文学“恶霸地主”形象的形成与消解  

Between “Despots” and “Gentry” ——Formation and Dissolution of the Images of “Despotic Landlords” in Modern and Contemporary Literature

作　　者：阎浩岗[1] Yan Haogang(School of Literature, Hebei University, Baoding Hebei ,071002)

机构地区：[1]河北大学文学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《山东师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2019年第1期12-25,共14页Journal of Shandong Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：作者主持的国家社科基金项目"20世纪中国土地革命叙事研究"(15BZW146)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：研究现当代文学地主形象的不同塑造方式和不同叙事伦理,"地主"与"恶霸"之间的关系是其关捩点。以凸显阶级对立为宗旨的"恶霸地主"形象最早可追溯到华汉的《暗夜》。此前地主形象的"恶霸"特征并不明显,此后此类塑造方式也并未立即在文坛确立其主流地位,左翼、准左翼文学对之均有质疑或创作实践上的匡正。《白毛女》公演之后,"恶霸地主"才逐渐成为地主形象的主要类型。但是,在此期间,仍有作家作品在相关描述中显示出某些不同特征。自张炜《古船》始,非恶霸、非反面人物的地主形象接连出现,甚至有圣贤化、英雄化或善人化的地主。当年将"地主"与"恶霸"两个不同概念焊接在一起,是出于发起土地革命斗争的现实需要。这一做法曾带来一些副作用或负面作用,但并非没有理论与现实依据。有意将客观性系统暴力具象化为主观暴力,是因前者发生作用是隐蔽潜在的,不易为农民察觉,要消灭它更难。In the study on the different ways of creation and different narrative ethics of the images of landlords in modern and contemporary literature, the relationship between the u landlord and the despot ' is the key point. The images of "despotic landlordsM , which aimed at highlighting class opposition , could be traced back to The Dark Night written by Hua Han. Previously, the "despotic" characteristics of the landlord image had not been obvious. After that, such ways of creation were not immediately established in the mainstream status in the literary history. The left-wing and the quasileft- wing literature either had doubts about it or made corrections in creation. After the public show of The White Haired Girl, the u despotic landlord ” gradually became the main type of landlord images. However, there were still some writers or works showing some different features in their relevant descriptions during this period. Since the appearance of Zhang Wei' s Ancient Ship, the images of landlords who were not despots or bad guys have appeared one after another. There are even landlords who are sages, heroes or charitable persons. The welding of the two different concepts of the "landlord” and udespotic landlordM came from the actual need to initiate the agrarian revolutionary war. This practice has once brought some side - effects or negative effects, but it does have some theoretical and practical basis. The reason of deliberately visualizing the objective systemic violence into subjective violence is that the effect exerted by the former is imperceptible and potential, and not easy for the peasants to discover, and even harder to eliminate.

关 键 词：恶霸地主 典范土地革命叙事 绅士 《白毛女》 《暗夜》 

分 类 号：I207.4[文学—中国文学]