军事飞行员下腰部疼痛的研究进展  

Research progress on low back pain of military pilots

作　　者：谭权昌 蒋继亮[1] 闫浩[1] 周胜[1] 童梁成 李颖[1] Tan Quanchang;Jiang Jiliang;Yan Hao;Zhou Sheng;Tong Liangcheng;Li Ying

机构地区：[1]解放军第四五四医院骨科,南京210001

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2018年第3期258-263,共6页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

基　　金：2013年度军区医学科技创新课题项目(ZD21).

摘　　要：目的综述国内外关于军事飞行员下腰部疼痛的流行病学危险因素及预防措施的研究进展。资料来源与选择国内外公开发表的军事飞行员下腰痛相关文献。资料引用引用文献资料56篇。资料综合下腰部疼痛是飞行员常见症状之一,歼击机、直升机及运输机军事飞行员均不同比例出现下腰痛症状,影响飞行员飞行操作、降低飞行任务完成的质量、降低作战能力,同时影响飞行安全等。影像学分析提示,下腰痛飞行员腰椎影像学表现均不同程度与腰椎间盘突出相关联,且集中在腰4-5、腰5-骶1节段,而腰椎间盘突出是当前飞行员停飞的主要原因之一。研究表明年龄、肥胖、正加速度暴露、飞机振动、飞行时间等是飞行员下腰部疼痛的重要危险因素。合理避免上述危险因素,并积极预防,是降低下腰痛发生的主要方法;严格飞行员选拔、使用腰部支撑装置、加强腰部肌力锻炼以及传统治疗均可有效预防及缓解飞行员下腰部疼痛症状。结论下腰部疼痛是由飞行员自身及外界多种因素综合作用导致的疾病。正确认识飞行员下腰部疼痛的发生发展机制、危险因素并积极预防,能够有助于提高飞行员飞行效率,减少飞行事故发生及提高部队作战能力。Objective To review the research progress of epidemiology , risk factors and prevention of low back pain in military pilots at home and abroad. Literature resource and selection The articles ,monographs and case reports related to low back pain (LBP) of military pilots published at home and abroad were searched and analyzed. Literature quotation Fifty-six references were cited. Literature synthesis LBP was one of the most prevalent symptoms in military pilots.By reviewing the domestic and foreign published literatures ,we founded that fighter ,helicopter and transporter pilots experienced LBP with different occurrence rates.Pilot′s LBP would affect the manipulation ,decrease mission completion quality and combat capability ,and influence flight safety. The imagining analysis showed that pilot′s LBP had varying degree of correlation with lumber disc herniation (LDH ) ,mainly at L4-5and L5-S1.LDH was a main reason of pilots′ medical grounding. Literature review revealed that age ,obesity ,positive acceleration exposure (+ Gz) ,vibration and flying hours were the main risk factors of LBP.The restrain of the influences of risk factors and active protection were the effective methods to reduce the occurrence of LBP.Such measures as applying stricter selection criteria and lumber support device ,and strengthening the lumber muscle exercise could prevent and relief LBP effectively. Conclusions LBP is the disease that caused by the combination of pilot′s own and external factors.It is helpful to enhance pilot′s performance ,reduce flight accident and improve combat capacity by correctly understanding the occurrence mechanism and risk factors of LBP and taking active protections.

关 键 词：腰痛 椎间盘移位 危险因素 综述 

分 类 号：R856.6[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学] R681.533[医药卫生—临床医学]