我国老年人退休收入充足度的测度及影响因素——基于中国健康与养老追踪调查数据  

Measurement and Influencing Factors of the Retirement Income Adequacy: Evidence from CHARLS

作　　者：杨一帆 董蕤 YANG Yi-fan;DONG Rui(National Interdisciplinary Institude on Aging ,Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031 , China;School of Public Affairs & Law,Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031 , China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学国际老龄科学研究院,四川成都610031 [2]西南交通大学公共管理与政法学院,四川成都610031

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第2期1-8,共8页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金一般项目"全球应对老龄化治理与构建年龄友好城市研究"(18BZZ044);西南交通大学2019年度文科专题研究团队项目(A1420502051904)

摘　　要：随着世界各国日益严峻的人口老龄化趋势,老年问题研究日益成为社会各界关注的热点和重点。以2013年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据为基础,利用Probit模型从主观个体平衡收支的角度对退休收入充足度进行测度并分析相关影响因素,发现:城乡之间,城镇受雇群体退休收入充足度相对较高;性别之间,退休保障中存在的性别差异在不断缩小;公共养老金对于实现退休收入充足的贡献有限,且养老金融产品的普及度不高。同时,个体对于退休生活的需求和期望具有差异性,因此,通过同质无差别的统一制度来实现每个个体的退休收入充足度较为困难。This paper starts with the concept of Retirement Income Adequacy, measures the concept from the perspective of subjective individual balance of income and expenditure and explores its related influencing factors. Based on Probit regression with the 2013 CHARLS data, we find that individual characteristics such as gender, hukou, and education level have certain effects on Retirement Income Adequacy. More specifically, urban employees is higher relative to people on rural areas;and gender difference is shrinking. Besides, we also find the limited contribution of basic pension system, and the lack of pension financial products. Also, from the subjective evaluation of the retirement income adequacy, individuals have different needs and expectations for retirement life, so It is difficult to achieve sufficient retirement income for each individual through a homogeneous and undifferentiated unified system. Thus, this paper proposes to build a relatively flexible and multi-level pension system, develop the third pillar of pension system towards more individualized and customized, and guide individual pension decision to shift from reserve traditionally to invest positively.

关 键 词：退休收入充足度 养老金制度替代率 人口老龄化 养老保障体系 养老保险 生命周期理论 个体储备 老年人 

分 类 号：F063.4[经济管理—政治经济学]