喷施钾钙硅制剂改善高温胁迫水稻叶片光合性能提高产量  

Spraying exogenous potassium,calcium and silicon solutions improve photosynthetic performance of flag leaf and increase the yield of rice under heat stress condition

作　　者：江晓东[1] 华梦飞 杨沈斌[1] 杨晓亚[1] 郭建茂[1] 姜琳琳 Jiang Xiaodong;Hua Mengfei;Yang Shenbin;Yang Xiaoya;Guo Jianmao;Jiang Linlin(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of MeteorologicalDisasters,Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学江苏省农业气象重点实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第5期126-133,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201506018);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41875140);江苏省科技项目(BE2015365)

摘　　要：为探明喷施钾、钙和硅制剂对高温热害下水稻光合作用及产量的调控效应,以水稻品种陵两优268为研究对象,持续3 d对叶片分别喷施22.04 mmol/L KH2PO4溶液(T1)、20.0 mmol/L CaCl2溶液(T2)和2.5 mmol/L Na2Si O3·9H 2O溶液(T3),以喷施蒸馏水为对照(CK),测定了3种制剂预处理后对高温胁迫(日均气温35℃)下水稻剑叶光合、荧光参数和产量的影响,并用隶属函数法综合评价了钾、钙和硅制剂处理的水稻剑叶光合作用抗高温能力。结果表明:喷施钾、钙、硅制剂均能提高高温胁迫下水稻的产量,T1、T2和T3分别比CK增产42.67%、29.70%和20.01%(P<0.05)。与CK相比,在高温胁迫处理第5 d和高温结束后的第5 d,喷施钾、钙、硅制剂皆可提高水稻剑叶光饱和点、最大净光合速率(Pmax)(P<0.05)、光适应下光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率(Fv?/Fm?)(P<0.05)、光系统Ⅱ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(qP),降低非光化学猝灭系数(non-photochemical quenching coefficient, NPQ)(P<0.05),叶片光合活性高;钾、钙、硅制剂对提高水稻剑叶光合性能抗高温的能力大小依次为T1>T2>T3,以喷施22.04mmol/LKH2PO4溶液效果最好,喷施20.0 mmol/L CaCl2溶液次之。Heat stress is a common agrometeorological disaster during rice production in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River of China,and rice yield decreases due to the heat stress.Exogenous chemical solutions have been sprayed on rice leaves to improve the heat tolerance of rice and reduce the damage during the heat stress.This paper was aimed to evaluate the effects of 3 different exogenous chemical solutions on photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of flag leaves and rice yield under the heat stress condition.Pot experiments were conducted at Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Station of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology(32.2°N,118.7°E),in China in the year of 2016 and 2017.Early indica hybrid rice variety named Lingliangyou 268(Oryza.sativa L.)was used in the experiments.High temperature treatments were conducted at late jointing stage(20^th June,2016)and late booting stage(5^th July,2017),respectively.Before the high temperature treatment,3 different chemical solutions,including KH2PO4(T1)solution with concentration of 22.04 mmol/L,CaCl2 solution(T2)of 20.0 mmol/L and Na2SiO39H2O solution(T3)of 2.5 mmol/L,were sprayed separately and evenly on all leaves for 3 days.For comparison,distilled water was sprayed as the control treatment(CK).After that,all treatments were put in climate chambers for 5 days to simulate a severe heat-stressed environment during the rice key stages,in which(40±0.5)℃from 6:00-18:00 was set as daytime temperature and(30±0.5)℃from 18:00 to 6:00 next day was set as nighttime temperature with an average of 35℃in each day.In 2017,the photosynthetic light response curve and chlorophyll fluorescence of flag leaves of different treatments were measured at the 5^th day of the heat-stress treatment and the 5^th day after heat-stress respectively.The parameters related to the photosynthetic light response characteristics,such as the light saturation point(LSP),light compensation point(LCP),apparent quantum yield(AQY),dark respiration rat

关 键 词：作物 耐热性 试验 水稻 高温胁迫 钾钙硅制剂 光合作用 叶绿素荧光特性 

分 类 号：S428[农业科学—植物保护]