尖顶羊肚菌菌丝、分生孢子及原基显微观察与分析  

Microscopic Observation and Analysis of Myceliam,Condiam and Primodiam of Morchella conica

作　　者：石建森[1] 郭明慧[1] 陈淑霞 SHI Jiansen;GUO Minghui;CHEN Shuxia(Institute of Edible Fungi,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院食用菌研究所,山西太原030031

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2019年第4期577-579,601,共4页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省农业科学院有机旱作农业研发专项(YCX2018426)

摘　　要：借助光学显微镜对尖顶羊肚菌(Morchella conica)菌丝、分生孢子及原基进行了显微观察分析。结果表明,尖顶羊肚菌气生菌丝呈透明状,根部粗,直径40～70μm;前段菌丝变细,直径20～60μm,且分叉增多。气生菌丝上有似孢子梗形成。土壤内菌丝粗,直径40～80μm,颜色比气生菌丝深,多见分叉与三角形联接。气生菌丝前端分枝形成孢子梗,分枝菌丝直径约20μm,分生孢子轮生于孢子梗上。同时还观察到,原基根部与1～3根活跃菌丝紧密相连,活跃菌丝直径40μm左右,在近原基端颜色深红,菌丝内分隔清晰可见,常呈叉状。推测是由活跃菌丝与分生孢子相互发生作用形成了原基,据此提出了羊肚菌生活史新模型。In this paper, the morphological and structural characters of myceliam, condiam and primodiam of Morchella conica were observed by optical microscope. The results show that the aerial myceliam of Morchella conica is transparent, with thick roots, the part of root is thick with the diameter of 40-70 μm, the forepart becomes thinner with the diameter of 20-60 μm, and more branching. There are spore-like pedicels on aerial myceliam. The myceliam in soil is thicker with the diameter of 40-80 μm, the colour is darker and thicker than aerial myceliam, and often bifurcated and triangular. The aerial myceliam branched to form spore pedicels. The diameter of the branched hyphae was about 20 μm, the conidia are whorled on the spore pedicels. In particular, It is observed that the primordial root is closely connected with 1-3 active mycelia. The diameter of the active mycelia is about 40 μm. The color of the active mycelia near the primordial end is dark red. The segregation of the mycelia is clearly visible and often forked. It is presumed that the primordium is formed by the interaction of active mycelium and conidia. Based on this, a new model of life history of Morchella is proposed.

关 键 词：尖顶羊肚菌 菌丝 分生孢子 原基 活跃菌丝 

分 类 号：S646.7[农业科学—蔬菜学]