中国消费者法理论的再认识——以消费者运动与私法基础为观察重点  

Re-understanding of the Theory of Consumer Law of China——Focusing on Consumer Movement and Private Law

作　　者：姚佳[1] Yao Jia

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所,北京100080

出　　处：《政治与法律》2019年第4期131-140,117,共11页Political Science and Law

摘　　要：中国消费者法领域近年来呈现出较多实践问题,而这些问题单纯依靠法律文本似乎难以找到解释基础与答案。消费者法是市场经济的基础性法律,消费者运动与私法制度作为消费者法产生的基础与重要推动力,两者的作用不容忽视。世界范围内的消费者运动历经百余年,从与经营者"对抗"转向对被定型为"弱而愚"的消费者持批判与否定态度,更致力于追求消费者自我成长。私法(大陆法系)或合同法(英美法系)对自然人成为消费者主体之前的人格塑造极为重要,其深刻影响着消费者法哲学、消费者法定位与消费者权利构造。事实上,消费者权利在大陆法系国家、英美法系国家与中国呈现出不同的制定法脉络,并且此种权利体系受私法之固有法特性影响颇深。这一系列制度基础与因素都影响着消费者法的走向。In recent years, there have been many practical problems concerning Consumer Law of China. It seems difficult to find the explanation basis for and answer to these problems merely relying on legal texts. Consumer Law is the basic law of market economy. Consumer movement and private law system are the basis and important driving force of consumer law, so their roles cannot be overlooked. After more than a hundred years, the worldwide consumer movement have changed from "confrontation" with operators to a critical and negative attitude towards consumers who are stereotyped as " weak but foolish", and is more committed to the pursuit of consumer self-growth. Private law( civil law system)/contract law( common law system) is of great importance for shaping the personality of natural person before they become the main part of consumers, which also has a profound impact on the philosophy of consumer law, the position of consumer law and the structure of consumers’ rights. In fact, consumer rights in civil law countries, common law countries and Chinashow different contexts of statutes, and such right system is deeply affected by the inherent legal characteristics of private law. This series of institutional basis and factors affect the trend of consumer law.

关 键 词：消费者法 消费者运动 消费者权利 法律人格 

分 类 号：DF414[政治法律—经济法学]