猪粪堆肥过程中养分和重金属含量的动态变化  

Dynamic changes of nutrient and heavy metal concentrations during swine composting

作　　者：尹晓明[1] 王荣江 徐潇潇 曹云 YIN Xiao-ming;WANG Rong-jiang;XU Xiao-xiao;CAO Yun(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210095, China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095 [2]江苏省农科院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2019年第2期254-263,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：南京农业大学中央高校基本科研业务费科技平台专项;"卓越农林人才教育培养计划"项目资助

摘　　要：【目的】规模化、集约化畜禽养殖业饲料中,存在滥用或超剂量使用微量元素如Cu、Zn、Fe、As添加剂的现象,导致畜禽粪便以及以畜禽粪便为来源的有机肥重金属的积累。研究堆肥过程中养分和重金属含量的动态变化,对于畜禽粪便有机肥产业的可持续发展具有重要意义。【方法】鲜猪粪在阴凉通风处风干到含水率在60%左右,用于进行55天的好氧堆肥。猪粪∶砻糠比例为6∶1 (鲜重)混匀,每周翻堆一次,每天测定温度,分别在堆肥第1、13、23、28、41和55天的上午10:00—11:00,取样测定含水量、pH值、全氮、总有机碳(TOC)、全磷、全钾以及Cr、Cd、Cu、Mn、Ni、Zn、Pb、Hg、As总量和有效态Cu、Mn、Zn含量。【结果】1)随着堆沤进程的延长,全氮先升高再下降,其峰值出现在第23～28天,之后缓慢下降;全磷与全钾逐渐升高,其峰值均在第41天、之后趋于稳定;TOC不断减少,28天以后趋于平稳。C/N先下降,第23天以后保持稳定,堆肥结束时维持在15.12、达到腐熟要求。2) 9种金属元素的总量变化各不相同,含量分别为Cr6.99～10.43 mg/kg、Cu 106.01～120.81 mg/kg、Mn 663.51～899.48 mg/kg、Ni 11.32～20.67 mg/kg、Zn1245.18～1552.13 mg/kg、Pb 0.09～0.56 mg/kg、As 0.58～1.25 mg/kg,Cd、Hg未检测出。Cr和Ni先下降、升高、再下降直至平稳,其峰值均在第23天,第28天以后趋于平稳。Cu、Mn和Zn不断升高到后期显著升高、其峰值均在第41天。As先下降再升高、在第28天以后基本平稳。Pb总体是下降,在第13天和23天其含量分别比第1天显著下降61.22%和81.63%,在第41天以后其含量未检出。有效Cu、Mn、Zn的含量远低于元素总量,分别在2.35～5.79 mg/kg、17.82～20.28 mg/kg和47.39～70.29 mg/kg。有效Cu、有效Zn总体先升高、再下降直至平稳,峰值都在第13～23天,第28天显著下降但是此后基本平稳。有效Mn总体变化不大,只在第41天显著上升。3)有效Cu与有效Z【Objectives】Abuse of additives containing micro-elements are often happened in the feeds of intensive animal farming, which results in the accumulation of heavy metals in animal manure and the commercial organic fertilizers based on these feces. The dynamic changes of nutrient and heavy metal contents during composting were studied for the safe production of organic fertilizer.【Methods】Swine manure was mixed with rice chaff in ratio of 6∶1 (fresh weight) and then aerobically composted for 55 days. The compost piles were turned over every week for aeration. Temperatures inside the composting piles were determined every day, and compost samples were collected at PM 10:00-11:00 since 1, 13, 23, 28, 41 and 55 days, respectively. The moisture content, pH, the total concentrations of N, organic carbon (TOC), P, K, Cr, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, Hg and As, and the available contents of Cu, Mn and Zn were measured.【Results】1) Total N, total P and total K contents were generally increased during the composting. Total N was firstly increased and reached maximum from 23rd day to 28th day, then started decreasing. Total P and total K contents were kept increased during composting, and reached their maximum values at the 41st day. The TOC content was gradually decreased and kept stable after 28th day. The C/N ratio was deceased firstly, and then kept stable after the 23rd day, and the final C/N ratio was 15.12. 2) The total concentrations of 7 heavy metals were as flows: Cr 6.99-10.43 mg/kg, Cu 106.01-120.81 mg/kg, Mn 663.51-899.48 mg/kg, Ni 11.32-20.67 mg/kg, Zn 1245.18-1552.13 mg/kg, Pb 0.09-0.56 mg/kg and As 0.58-1.25 mg/kg. Cd and Hg were not detectable in the composts. Cr and Ni exhibited a way of decrease, increase, then decrease, till got to a stable level. The maximum contents of Cr and Ni were observed on the 23rd day and then did not significantly change after 28th day. Cu, Mn and Zn contents gradually increased, and reached maximum values on the 41st day, though a slight decrease on 55th day. As content

关 键 词：猪粪 堆肥 养分 重金属 动态变化 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]