职务科技成果转化中的高校义务及其履行研究  

Obligations of Scientific Achievements Transformation for Universities and Their Implementation

作　　者：周海源 Zhou Haiyuan(Research Centre of Rule of Law Strategy on China,East China University of Political Scienceand Law,Shanghai 201600,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学中国法治战略研究中心,上海201600

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2019年第4期142-151,共10页Forum on Science and Technology in China

基　　金：上海市科技创新行动计划软科学研究领域重点项目"人工智能风险治理的理论基础;国际经验与上海策略"(18692103700)

摘　　要：高校存在职务科技成果转化率不高问题的症结之一,在于立法在赋予高校成果转化权利时缺乏对其转化义务的规定。高校承担职务科技成果转化义务既是权利义务对等的要求,也是高校履行国有资产管理义务的必然选择;同时,"拜杜法案"也明确规定了高校在职务科技成果转化中的义务。据此,促进科技成果转化法应当明确规定高校职务科技成果转化的义务,并在此基础上对该义务进行细化,具体设置及时披露研发成果、申请专利、报告实施情况等义务及相应的法律责任。为了促使高校及时履行这些义务,立法应完善政府监督机制,设置完成人催告权和转化权;同时,高校也可参考美国斯坦福大学经验,充实其职务科技成果转化机制。One of the prime reasons for low rate of scientific achievements transformation in universities is that legislation imposes rights of scientific achievements transformation for universities while neglect their obligations.There are two reasons for universities to bear the obligations of scientific achievements transformation.The first one,legislation should balance the rights and obligations for universities in scientific achievements transformation as the 1980s US Bayh-Dole Act.The second one,scientific achievements transformations are inevitable requirements for universities to implement their state-owned assets management obligations.Therefore,Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements should stipulate and refine the obligations for universities in scientific achievements transformation,such as publishing information,claiming patent and reporting implementation situation.Legislation should improve government supervising mechanism,at the same time,it should establish rights of interpellation and transformation for inventors so as to prompt universities to implement their obligations.Finally,universities should borrow experience from Stanford University to enrich scientific achievements transformation system.

关 键 词：职务科技成果 转化权利 转化义务 义务履行 拜杜法案 

分 类 号：D922.17[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]