渝东北某避暑区饮水污染引起急性胃肠炎疫情流行特征分析  

Epidemic Characteristics of Acute Gastroenteritis Caused by Contaminated Drinking Water at a Summer Resort in Northeast Chongqing

作　　者：罗华[1] 杨万进 马宗成 向辉 傅荣生 向新志[5] 赵怡楠[5] 向晓霞[1] 龚地萍[1] 吴羿[1] LUO Hua;YANG Wan-jin;MA Zong-cheng(Chongqing Wanzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wanzhou,Chongqing,404000,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市万州区疾病预防控制中心,重庆万州404000 [2]遵义医学院,贵州遵义563003 [3]重庆市开州区疾病预防控制中心,重庆405400 [4]重庆医科大学公共卫生与管理学院,重庆400016 [5]重庆市疾病预防控制中心,重庆400042

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2019年第4期55-57,共3页Chinese Primary Health Care

摘　　要：目的分析渝东北一起农村避暑居民区饮用水质被粪水污染引起急性胃肠炎罹患情况及流行特征。方法于2017年7月24—27日对疫情发生地开展现场卫生学调查,对出现的急性胃肠炎病人开展流行病学个案调查,以腹泻≥3次/日者作为病人判定依据,应用SPSS 17.0软件对其疫情资料进行统计分析。结果其居民罹患率为56.52%,以腹泻、腹痛、腹胀、恶心、呕吐、头痛、头晕、乏力和里急后重为主要临床表现。7月24日发病最多,占44.62%;40～岁组发病最多,占38.46%;农民发病最多,占50.77%;不同时间、不同年龄和不同职业发病差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=12.446,P=0.006、χ~2=10.788,P=0.026和χ~2=8.032,P=0.045)。实验室检测出厂水及末梢水各1件,总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌和菌落总数均超标,尤以耐热大肠菌群超标严重(>1 600 MPN/100 mL)。结论此起疫情发生在农村避暑居民区,罹患率较高,以中年农民发病为主要人群,切断饮水污染途径,发病情况呈较快下降趋势或停止发病。OBjECTIVE To study and analyze the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of an acute gastroenteritis caused by the contamination drinking water in rural summer residential areas in northeast Chongqing.METHODS Field environmental hygiene survey and case investigation for acute gastroenteritis patients were conducted on epidemic area on July 24-27,2017.A case of diarrhea≥3 beats/day was selected as the basis for the patients’judgment,and SPSS17.0 was used to conduct the statistical analysis.RESULTS The attack rate was 56.52%.The main clinical manifestations were diarrhea,abdominal pain,abdominal distension,nausea,vomiting,headache,dizziness,weakness and tenesmus.The incidence of morbidity on July 24 accounted for 44.62%.The morbidity of age group more than 40 was 38.46%.The morbidity of farmers was 50.77%.The differences of morbidity incidence among times,age groups and occupations had significantly statistics(χ^2=12.446,P=0.006;χ2=10.788,P=0.026;χ^2=8.032,P=0.045).The factory water and terminal water were tested,which the total coliform,heat-resistant coliform,Escherichia coli,and total number of colonies exceeded the standard,especially the heat-resistant coliform group heavily exceeded the standard(>1 600 MPN/100 mL).CONCLUSION The outbreak occurred in rural summer residential areas with high attack rate,and middle-aged farmers as the main population with higher morbidity incidence.The incidence would present a rapid decline in the trend or stop the disease after cutting off the polluted approach of drinking water.

关 键 词：急性胃肠炎 疫情分析 流行特征 

分 类 号：R512.5[医药卫生—内科学]