株行距配置连作对黄土旱塬覆膜春玉米土壤水分和产量的影响  

Effects of Row Spacing and Continuous Cropping on Soil Moisture and Yield of Spring Maize Covered with Film in Loess Plateau Dryland

作　　者：王磊[1] 樊廷录[1] 李尚中[1] 党翼[1] 赵刚[1] 张建军[1] 辛丽 程万莉 王淑英[1] WANG Lei;FAN Tinglu;LI Shangzhong;DANG Yi;ZHAO Gang;ZHANG Jianjun;XIN Li;CHENG Wanli;WANG Shuying(Gansu Key Laboratory of Water Efficient Use in Dryland,Dryland Agriculture Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070;Gansu Provincial Meteorological Bureau,Lanzhou 730000)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省气象局,兰州730000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2019年第2期79-86,92,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660364;41561067);国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B02-02);国家公益性行业(农业)专项(201503124);国家现代玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-55);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(17JR5RA182;18JR3RA255)

摘　　要：探讨株行距配置调整后密度对旱地覆膜春玉米连作稳产和水分利用的影响,为旱地雨养区春玉米高产稳产栽培提供依据。试验于2014—2017年在黄土旱塬区甘肃省镇原县(35°30′N,107°39′E)进行,以紧凑型耐密高产春玉米品种"先玉335"为试验材料,设55,75 cm 2种等行距垄沟覆盖种植方式,6.0,7.5,9.0,10.5万株/hm^2 4个种植密度水平,采用裂区设计,连作定位观测。使用烘干法测定不同处理春玉米生育期0—200 cm土层土壤水分,研究黄土旱塬连作春玉米籽粒产量和土壤剖面水分变化。结果表明,在试验设计行距下,在干旱年份55,75 cm行距0—200 cm土层土壤剖面水分均有低湿区形成,2种行距40—200 cm土层最低含水率均出现在160 cm土层剖面,55 cm行距土壤含水量为8.9%,75 cm行距土壤含水量为8.7%,受降水及植株生育耗水的影响,20—120 cm土层土壤水分变化较为剧烈。不论降水年型如何,2种行距下0—200 cm土壤深层水分均未产生土壤干层,75 cm行距低湿区较55 cm行距随年份变化有不同程度扩大,但2种行距下7.5～10.5万株/hm^2相同密度耗水量没有显著差异。4年平均产量75 cm行距相同密度均高于55 cm行距,9.0万株/hm^2及以下种植密度处理稳产性较好,密度由低到高产量分别增加2.2%,5.8%,4.1%和3.0%,平均水分利用效率分别提升1.1%,5.9%,0.3%和-1.5%,不同行距相同密度产量和水分利用效率没有显著差异。研究表明,在黄土旱塬区55,75 cm行距配置7.5万株/hm^2种植密度连作具有稳定产量,并且不会导致土壤深层水分亏缺至产生土壤干层,是较为理想的连作稳产株行距配置种植模式。The effect of the adjusted density on the steady yield and water use of spring maize covered with film in dry land was discussed in order to provide a basis for the high and stable yield of spring maize in rain-fed area of dry land.The experiment was conducted from 2014 to 2017 in the Loess Plateau,Zhenyuan,Gansu (107°39′E,35°30′N) in a split plot design.The compact and dense and high-yield spring maize variety Xianyu 335 was used as the test material,55 cm and 75 cm were set up with two kinds of row spacing covering planting,6.0×10 4 plants/hm 2,7.5×10 4 plants/hm 2,9.0×10 4 plants/hm 2 and 10.5×10 4 plants/hm 2 4 planting density levels.The soil moisture of 0-200 cm soil layer in different spring maize growth period was measured by drying method,and the grain yield and soil profile water change of continuous cropping spring maize were studied in the Loess Plateau.The results showed that under the experimental design distance,there is a low moisture area between 0-200 cm in the soil profile of 55 cm and 75 cm in the dry year,and the lowest water content of two row spacing 40-200 cm soil layer is in the section of 160 cm soil layer,the soil moisture content of 55 cm row spacing is 8.9%,the soil moisture content of 75 cm row spacing is 8.7%.The soil moisture of 20-120 cm soil layer changed more sharply with the influence of precipitation and plant growth water consumption.Regardless of the annual precipitation pattern,the soil dry layer was not produced in the 0-200 cm soil depth under two row spacing.Compared with the 55 cm row spacing,the distance to the low humidity area of the 75 cm row spacing enlarged in varying degree with the change of years,but there was no significant difference in the same density water consumption of the 7.5×10 4 ~10.5×10 4 plants/hm 2 under the two rows.The 4 years average yield of the 75 cm row spacing was higher than that of the 55 cm row spacing,and better stable yield was achieved in 9.0×10 4 plants/hm 2 and below planting density.The yield increased from low to high

关 键 词：旱地 春玉米 株行距配置 土壤水分 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]