新型耕作施肥方式下夏玉米田土壤水分分布和磷素利用研究  

Soil Water Distribution and Phosphorus Utilization in Summer Maize Field Under New Tillage and Fertilization Method

作　　者：马阳 吴敏 郭献彬 王亚玲 李鸿池 王艳群[1] 彭正萍[1] 郭丽果 MA Yang;WU Min;GUO Xianbin;WANG Yaling;LI Hongchi;WANG Yanqun;PENG Zhengping;GUO Liguo(Hebei Agricultural University,College of Resources and Environmental Science,Baoding,Hebei 071000;Ningjin Municipal Bureau of Agriculture,Ningjin,Hebei 055550;Hebei Agricultural University,Science and Technology Research Institute,Baoding,Hebei 071000)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071000 [2]宁晋县农业局,河北宁晋055550 [3]河北农业大学科学技术研究院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2019年第2期98-102,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目"黄淮海北部小麦-玉米农田耕层调理与土壤肥力提高关键技术"(2017YFD0300905)

摘　　要：为研究新型耕作施肥方式下的土壤水分、磷素空间动态分布、玉米磷素吸收利用及产量,在两茬夏玉米时期分别设置免耕浅施NPK肥(T1)、深松全层施NPK肥(T2)、深松两肥异位分层施NPK肥(T3)。结果表明:与T1相比,成熟期T2、T3的整株磷积累量平均分别提高15.9%和21.2%;T2、T3的磷肥生产效率、表观利用率、农学效率平均分别增加14.5%,11.0%和84.5%;其中T3的磷肥生产效率、表观利用率、农学效率分别较T2提高8.4%,11.6%和47.8%。T2、T3的土壤含水量较T1平均提高6.6%。T3处理将磷肥深施,有效提高20—40 cm土层土壤有效磷含量,较T1显著增加10.2 mg/kg。T2、T3的玉米产量较T1分别提升11.7%和22.6%;T3较T2的玉米产量提高9.7%。说明新型深松两肥异位分层施肥技术有效提高深层土壤保水性能,增加土壤下层有效磷含量,促进玉米磷素吸收,提升磷肥利用率,提高玉米产量,可以有效减少土壤水分和磷素营养损失。This research was conducted to explore the effects of new tillage and fertilization methods on soil water,phosphorus (P) spatial dynamic distribution,P uptake and utilization,and maize yield.In 2016-2017,three treatments of tillage and fertilization methods were designed,including T1 (no-tillage + upper NPK),T2 (subsoiling + whole layer NPK),T3 (application of N,P,K fertilizers to designated soil depth with subsoiling).The results showed that compared with T1,the total P accumulations of T2 and T3 in the mature period were increased by 15.9% and 21.2% respectively.The production efficiencies,apparent utilization rates and agronomic efficiencies of T2 and T3 were increased by 14.5%,11.0%,84.5% respectively.Compared with T2,the production efficiency,apparent utilization rate and agronomic efficiency of T3 were enhanced by 8.4%,11.6% and 47.8% respectively.Compared with T1,the soil water contents of T2 and T3 were both improved by 6.6%.The available P of T3,in which P fertilizer was applied to the deeper soil layer,was increased by 10.2 mg/kg than T1,effectively increasing the available P content in the 20-40 cm soil layer.Maize yields of T2 and T3 were increased by 11.7% and 22.6% respectively compared with T1.Maize yield in T3 was increased by 9.7% compared with T2.Therefore,the new tillage and fertilization method could improve the water retention performance of deep soil,increase the available P in the lower layer of the soil,then promote the P absorption of maize,increase the P fertilizer use efficiency,resulting in the enhanced maize yield and the reduced soil water and P nutrition losses.

关 键 词：夏玉米 耕作施肥方式 土壤水分 磷素利用 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S147.3