新中国农业合作化生产绩效研究  

Study on the Cooperative Movement and the Agricultural Productivity in New China

作　　者：刘愿[1] 卢沛 LIU Yuan;LU Pei

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学华南市场经济研究中心 [2]厦门大学经济学院财政系,博士研究生福建厦门361005

出　　处：《学术月刊》2019年第3期56-69,共14页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：关于新中国农业合作化的生产绩效问题,学界仍存分歧。从理论分析可得出,合作化产生规模收益和监督成本,其净效益取决于两者之差;自由退出权可降低监督成本提高净收益。以不同合作组织的参与率来衡量合作化程度,通过运用1950-1956年省级面板数据的实证检验发现:互助组与单干户的生产率没有显著差别,初级合作社和高级合作社的生产率则低于单干户,合作社绩效与其规模呈倒U型关系、与劳动报酬份额呈反比。合作化运动越激进的地区农业生产效率越低。其中,新解放区的合作组织效率比老解放区低,中农富农转社员比例高的地区合作组织的效率较低。从理论和实证两个层面分析不同合作组织的效率,对当前中国农业是走小农经济还是规模化经营的争论有借鉴意义。The impact of socialist transformation of agriculture in new China is still controversial.Theoretically, cooperative brings both scale effect and supervision cost, while the right of free exit can reduce supervision cost and raise net revenue. Using the provincial data from 1950 to 1956, we find that the efficacy is indifferent between household farming and mutual-aid team, but the productivity of primary and advanced cooperative is lower than household farming. The efficiency of cooperative shows an inverse U shape relationship with its scale. The new liberated regions or the regions where more kulak and middle peasants transform into cooperative member see lower productivity than their counterparts for the policy radicalism.

关 键 词：合作化运动 政策激进主义 生产绩效 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]