老年人主观福利的年龄效应与队列差异——对“老化悖论”的检验与解释  

Age Effect and Cohort Difference of Elderly Subjective Well-Being:Test and Explanation of the “Aging Paradox”

作　　者：郑晓冬[1] 方向明[1] ZHENG Xiao-dong;FANG Xiang-ming(China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《江西财经大学学报》2019年第2期81-90,共10页Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"新型农村社会养老保险对农村留守老人主观福利的影响研究"(17BRK018)

摘　　要：掌握老年人福利状况的变化趋势与特点对提高居民养老保障水平具有重要价值。基于中国老年人健康长寿影响因素调查数据(CLHLS),采用分层增长曲线模型检验了老年人主观福利的年龄效应及队列差异。研究发现:第一,老年人主观福利与年龄的关系呈"U"型曲线分布,老年人在逐渐"失去"躯体健康以及社会与家庭角色的同时,也"获得"了更强的情绪调节能力。第二,老年人主观福利存在明显的队列差异,出生队列处于动乱与饥荒时期的老年人精神健康水平与生活满意度更低,且随年龄变化的速度更快。第三,老年人主观福利的年龄效应存在性别与城乡差异,随着年岁的增加,老年人主观福利的性别与城乡差距有扩大的趋势。最后,积极的生活方式、与家人同住的居住模式、子女代际支持、社会经济支持以及社区养老服务均有助于改善老年人的主观福利。Mastering the changing trend and characteristics of the well-being of the elderly is of great value to improve the level of residents' old-age security. Based on the data of Chinese Longitudinal Health and Longevity Survey (CLHLS), this paper makes use of the hierarchical growth curve model to test the age effect and cohort differences of subjective well-being of the elderly. The results show that, firstly, the relationship between the age and subjective well-being of the elderly presents a “U” shape curve distribution, while the elderly are gradually "losing"their health and social and family roles, they are "gaining" stronger emotional regulation ability;secondly, there exists a significant cohort difference in the subjective well-being of the elderly, the elderly would have a lower mental health level and life satisfaction if their birth cohort is during the ages of turmoil and famine;thirdly, there exist gender differences and urban-rural differences in the age effects of subjective well-being of the elderly, along with the increase of age, the gender differences and urban-rural differences in the subjective well-being of the elderly have a trend of widening. Finally, such factors as positive lifestyles, living with other family members, intergenerational support from children, socio-economic support and community-based care services will all contribute to the improvement of the subjective well-being of the elderly.

关 键 词：老年人 主观福利 年龄效应 队列差异 

分 类 号：C913.7[经济管理]