话题显赫和动后限制——塑造吴语受事前置的两大因素  

Topic Prominence and the Postverbal Constraint: Two Promoting Factors of the Patient-preposing Order in Wu Dialects

作　　者：盛益民 陶寰 SHENG Yimin;TAO Huan(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Fudan University,220 Handan Road,Yangpu District,Shanghai 200433)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中文系,上海杨浦区邯郸路220号200433

出　　处：《当代语言学》2019年第2期181-206,共26页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目17CYY009的阶段性成果

摘　　要：本文主要论证吴语(尤其是浙江吴语)主语和谓语动词之间以饰谓副词为界,有两个不同的句法位置容纳广义受事成分。主语和饰谓副词之间的句法位置是句法话题的位置,为语用话题语法化的结果,由吴语的话题显赫所塑造;而饰谓副词与谓语之间的句法位置是前置的宾语位置,由吴语强烈的动后限制所致。文章从指称属性、信息特征、指别度、韵律表现四个方面入手,考察进入两个位置的名词性成分的一系列差别。在此基础上,文章进一步讨论了吴语的基本语序问题及其类型学意义。It is widely acknowledged that Wu dialects exhibit more typical topic prominent features than Mandarin.The topic prominence is reflected most clearly in the productive use of SOV order,which has triggered much debate as to whether SOV is the basic word order.This paper examines the word order of Shaoxing dialect,a representative Zhejiang Wu dialect,and argues that there exist two syntactic positions between the subject and the predicate,which can be demarcated by a VP-adverb.Consider the following example in the Shaoxing dialect:■o^4 be■^2-ku^1■■^4-t■i■^1 s■^1-g■■^8 pa^1-h■^1-to■^0-tse^0 I apple already three-CL put away-DUR-PEF‘I have already put away three apples.’In this sentence the patient‘apple’occupies the topic(subtopic,to be more specific)position situated between the subject and the adverb(‘already’).The existence of such position is a manifestation of topic prominence of Wu dialects.On the other hand,the position between the VP-adverb and the main predicate,occupied by a NumP in the example,is a pre-verbal object position,to which the object must be preposed when the predicate is complex,due to the Postverbal Constraint in Wu dialects.The two syntactic positions are shown to have different properties in the following four respects.First,the NP in the topic position must be definite or generic,while the NP in the preverbal object position need not.Second,the NP in the topic position can either be new or old information,while the NP in the preverbal object must be new information.Third,the NP in the topic position must be identifiable,whereas the NP in the preverbal position should be less identifiable.Fourth,the NP in the topic position is phonologically less integrated with the predicate while the NP in the preverbal object position is phonologically more integrated with the predicate.Based on the above observations,we further discuss the basic word order of Wu dialects from a typological perspective.

关 键 词：吴语 基本语序 受事前置 饰谓副词 话题显赫 动后限制 

分 类 号：H173[语言文字—汉语]