史学新边疆:冷战环境史研究的缘起、内容和意义  

The New Frontier: The Origin, Content and Significance of the Study of the Cold War Environmental History

作　　者：刘合波[1] Liu Hebo

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学欧洲文明研究院,历史文化学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2019年第2期133-143,I0006,共12页World History

摘　　要：冷战环境史学是基于美苏冷战对环境造成影响的现实问题和军事环境史学不断拓展的学术背景基础上形成的新的研究领域,也是冷战史学与环境史学转向、交叉的产物。在学科属性上,冷战环境史学是冷战史学和军事环境史学的独特分支。在研究方法上,它承继了军事环境史学的跨越民族国家界限与互动等研究方法,同时也吸取了冷战史研究所倚重的文献分析法。在研究内容上,现有研究主要关注冷战时期各国国防建设带来的环境变迁、战争与环境和地区局势的互动关系、中苏经济建设产生的环境问题及其影响、美国在第三世界的技术推广、环境与地缘政治之间的联系。开展跨国研究、强调环境问题与冷战态势的互动性研究、借助冷战史研究中使用的档案文献进行研究,是冷战环境史学的新趋向。但是,既有研究也存在资料发掘不够深入、过度拔高环境在冷战中的地位和作用等问题。因此,要进一步深化冷战环境史研究,就需要加强对原始资料的搜集和整理,考察研究对象的共性与个性问题。The environmental history of the Cold War is a new research field on the basis of the practical issues which were caused by the impact of the U.S.-Soviet conflict on the environment,as well as the academic background of the development of the study of military environmental history.It is also the result of the research diversion and intersection of the studies of the Cold War history and the environmental history.In term of the subject attribute,the study of the Cold War environmental history is a unique branch of above two research fields.It inherits the research methods of trans-national borders and interaction from the study of military environmental history,and also absorbs the method of documentary analysis which is emphasized by the study of the Cold War history.As far as the content is concerned,the existing researches mainly focus on the environmental evolution of the national defense construction by countries during the Cold War,the intensive relations among wars,environment and regional situation,the environmental problems arising from the economic development and its subsequent impact of the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union,and the connection among technology promotion,environment and geopolitics in the third world.It is a new trend for the study of the Cold War environmental history to carry out transnational studies,emphasize the interaction between environmental issues and the Cold War situation,and conduct the research of the Cold War history with the help of exploiting archives and documents.However,some questions still exist.For example,the data exploring is insufficient enough,and the status and the role of the environment in the Cold War are excessively elevated.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the collection and collation of the original data and investigate the commonness and individuality of the research objects to further deepen the study of the Cold War environmental history.

关 键 词：冷战史 环境史 军事环境史 跨学科 互动关系 

分 类 号：K153[历史地理—历史学]