基于不同夏填闲作物及种植密度的设施土壤磷素吸收与淋失阻控研究  

Study on greenhouse soil phosphorus uptake and leaching control of different summer catch crops with different planting density

作　　者：裴志强 卢树昌 侯琨 张宇 王素君 PEI Zhiqiang;LU Shuchang;HOU Kun;ZHANG Yu;WANG Sujun(College of Agronomy & Resources and Environment,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384;Tianjin Green Plant Nutrition Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300300)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院农学与资源环境学院,天津300384 [2]天津绿动植物营养技术开发有限公司,天津300300

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2019年第4期398-401,共4页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2016YFD0801006);天津市重点研发计划农业科技成果转化项目(No.16YFNZNC00010)

摘　　要：设施土壤磷素污染日益严重。选用两种夏填闲作物糯玉米和甜高粱,设计了不同种植密度的6个处理,分别为糯玉米常规密度(NYZ,4.95株/m^2)、糯玉米高等密度(NYG,7.50株/m^2)、糯玉米超高密度(NYC,9.90株/m^2)、甜高粱常规密度(TGZ,6.75株/m^2)、甜高粱高等密度(TGG,10.49株/m^2)和甜高粱超高密度(TGC,13.49株/m^2)。结果表明,糯玉米和甜高粱常规密度种植并没有达到饱和,两种填闲作物超高密度种植对其长势并不会有大的影响,甚至可促进作物因对光的竞争而长高,提高单位面积干生物量和品质。随种植密度的增大,两种填闲作物的根部的吸磷量显著减小,地上部位显著增大,TGC的总吸磷量最高。种植夏填闲作物对0～30cm的浅层设施土壤中有效磷和水溶性磷具有良好的淋失阻控效果,以TGC的效果最好。因此,TGC对设施土壤磷素吸收和淋失阻控的效果最好。Phosphorus pollution in the greenhouse soil is becoming more and more serious.Two summer catch crops like waxy corn and sweet sorghum were selected,and 6 treatments with different planting density were designed.Thye were conventional density of waxy corn(NYZ,4.95 plants/m^2),high density of waxy corn(NYG,7.50 plants/m^2),ultra-high density of waxy corn(NYC,9.90 plants/m^2),conventional density of sweet sorghum(TGZ,6.75 plants/m^2),high density of sweet sorghum(TGG,10.49 plants/m^2)and ultra-high density of sweet sorghum(TGC,13.49 plants/m^2).Results showed that waxy corn and sweet sorghum did not reach saturation under conventional density.Ultra-high density had little influence on growth vigour of both of them.On the contrary,ultra-high density could increase dry biomass per square and quality because of phototropism.With the increase of planting density,their phosphorus uptake in root decreased significantly while that in up-ground opposite.Summer catch crops planting also had good leaching control effect on available phosphorus and water soluble phosphorus in shallow soil of 0-30 cm.Of all the treatments,TGC had the highest phosphorus uptake and best leaching control effect.Therefore,the TGC was the best treatment.

关 键 词：夏填闲作物 种植密度 设施土壤 磷素 吸收 淋失阻控 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]