中国化肥农药施用总体特征及减施效果分析  

General characteristics of the chemical fertilizers and pesticides use and the analysis of use reduction effect in China

作　　者：谢邵文 杨芬[1,2] 冯含笑 韦朝阳 XIE Shaowen;YANG Fen;FENG Hanxiao;WEI Chaoyang(Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟院重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2019年第4期490-495,共6页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2016YFD0201208)

摘　　要：利用文献数据和统计资料,分析了中国1990—2016年化肥农药施用的总体状况,包括施用总量、施用结构和施用强度的历史变化特征,重点分析了2014—2016年全国各省份化肥农药施用总量和施用强度的变化特征,以及2015年和2016年全国各省份化肥农药"双减"实施状况。1990—2016年,中国化肥农药施用总量稳步上升,但结构不断变化,其中最显著的变化是复合肥使用占比逐年增加,新型高效低毒农药成为发展趋势。2014—2016年,全国化肥农药减施明显,其中2015年全国化肥施用总量增幅仅为0.4%,2016年化肥施用总量增幅为-0.6%,首次实现负增长;2015年和2016年,农药施用总量连续两年实现负增长,增幅分别为-1.3%和-2.4%。施用总量上,2015年全国实现化肥农药"双减"的省份共有10个,2016年增加到19个;施用强度上,2015年全国实现化肥农药"双减"的省份有11个,2016年增加到18个。2015年和2016年,总体上全国化肥农药施用强度减施效果优于施用总量减施效果,农药减施效果优于化肥减施效果。The general characteristics of the chemical fertilizers and pesticides use in China during 1990-2016 were analyzed based on literature data and statistical data,including the historical changing characteristics of the use quantities,structures and intensities,with emphasis on the stage of 2014-2016 and co-reduction in various provinces of China during 2014-2016.From 1990 to 2016,the use quantity of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in China had risen steadily,but the use structure had changed constantly.Among them,the proportions of composite fertilizer had been increasing annually,with a trend in use of the novel high efficiency and low toxic pesticide.The use reduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides was obvious during 2014-2016.In 2015,the annual national use quantity of chemical fertilizers increased only by 0.4%,while in 2016,that decreased in a value of-0.6%,achieving negative growth for the first time.The use quantity of pesticides recorded negative growth for two consecutive years from 2015 to 2016,with ratios of-1.3%and-2.4%,respectively.In terms of the use quantity,10 provinces achieved co-reduction in 2015,and those increased to 19 provinces in 2016.For aspects in use intensity,11 provinces achieved co-reduction in 2015,and those increased to 18 provinces in 2016.In general,the reduction was preferentially seen in use intensities compared to use quantities of the chemical fertilizers and pesticides,and it was more pronounced in pesticides than chemical fertilizers.

关 键 词：化肥农药 减施 省际对比 施用总量 施用结构 施用强度 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] S48[农业科学—农业基础科学]