政策与绩效:清代下河地区水利治理的历史透视  

Policy and Performance:Historical Perspective of Water Conservancy Management in Xia River Area in Qing Dynasty

作　　者：李小庆 赵轶峰[2] LI Xiao-qing;ZHAO Yi-feng

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史文化学院 [2]东北师范大学亚洲文明研究院

出　　处：《求是学刊》2019年第2期171-180,共10页Seeking Truth

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"史学与社会--当代亚洲四国史学演变比较研究"(13JJD770006)

摘　　要：清朝为救治下河民生,对该地区水利进行了近两个世纪的持续性治理,虽取得一定成效,却未能从根本上改变下河的水利困局。其原因主要在于保运通漕的政策固守制约了水利治理方略的选择与调整空间,既定治理举措受限于技术、环境及认知水平,难以有效阻止来水排入下河。国家与下河地方缺乏足够的财力用以维系下河水网的周期性疏导,日常化管理中亦缺乏统筹机制以应对各类水利纠纷,更是削弱了下河水网的运作效能。检讨下河水利个案,可见清廷对河运政策的固守欠缺合理性,由此造成的后果则是高额的财政负担与下河经济、民生的巨大牺牲。这就启示我们,在国家施政层面,如果缺乏允当的治理方略,不但无法取得良好的治理成效,甚至可能适得其反,将国家与社会拖入困境。相较于强化治理,适时调整、优化施政方略,也许才是实现国家有效运转的更佳路径。In order to save the people’s livelihood near Xia River, the Qing dynasty carried out continuousmanagement for nearly two centuries on the water conservancy there. Although some achievements were made,it failed to fundamentally change the water conservancy dilemma there. It can be seen from the review of thecase of Xia River conservancy that the Qing government’s adherence to the river transport policy was not rea-sonable, which resulted in high financial burden and great sacrifice of Xia River economy and people’s liveli-hood. This suggests that in the level of national governance, if there is a lack of proper governance strategy, notonly good governance results cannot be achieved, and may even be counterproductive, leading the country andsociety into a dilemma. Compared with strengthening governance, timely adjustment and optimization of gover-nance strategies may be a better way to achieve effective operation of the country.

关 键 词：下河 水利治理 保运通漕 治理困境 财力耗损 

分 类 号：TV213.4-09[水利工程—水文学及水资源]