冀北坝上不同土地利用对土壤微生物量碳氮磷及酶活性的影响  

Effects of Different Land Uses on Soil Microbial Biomass, Carbon, Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Enzyme Activities in the Plateau of North Hebei

作　　者：乔赵崇 赵海超[1] 黄智鸿[1] 刘颖慧[1] 卢海博[1] 李瑞鑫 QIAO Zhaochong;ZHAO Haichao;HUANG Zhihong;LIU Yinghui;LU Haibo;LI Ruixin(Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China)

机构地区：[1]河北北方学院,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2019年第3期498-505,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300305);河北省科技支撑重点项目(13226402D);张家口科技支撑项目(1611050C);河北北方学院博士基金项目(12995543)

摘　　要：为了研究冀北坝上不同土地利用对土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响,揭示土地利用方式对土壤肥力及微生物的影响机制,在冀北坝上选取草地、林地及多种不同农用地(露地菜地、青贮玉米地、大棚菜地、马铃薯地和燕麦地),采集表层(0-20cm)土壤,分析土壤微生物量及酶活性的差异。结果表明,不同土地利用类型土壤微生物量碳(BC)为49.15-425.20 mg·kg^(-1),土壤微生物量氮(BN)为9.89-64.08 mg·kg^(-1),土壤微生物量磷(BP)为0.50-13.10 mg·kg^(-1);脲酶活性为0.01-0.08 mg·g^(-1)·h^(-1),土壤蔗糖酶活性为0.11-0.18mg·g^(-1)·h^(-1)。其中草地土壤BC、BN及酶活性高于林地和农用地,林地土壤BP高于草地和农用地。在不同农用地土壤中,大棚菜地土壤BC、BN较高,青贮玉米地土壤BP较高而BC较低,露地菜地土壤BN、BP较低而酶活性较强。BC与总有机质(TOM)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH_4^+-N)均呈显著正相关,BP与活性有机质(ASOM)呈极显著正相关,与无机磷(IP)、IP/TP呈显著负相关,脲酶与TN、TP、ASOM/TOM、蔗糖酶活性均呈显著正相关。针对冀北坝上贫瘠、退化严重土壤可通过改种牧草进行改良,针对酶活性较低、肥力差的土壤可通过增施有机肥进行调节,在部分地区建立设施农业以提高土壤微生物量,种植归还率较高的作物防止农用地土壤退化。To study the effects of different land uses on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities in the plateau of north Hebei,and to reveal the influence mechanism of land use type on soil fertility and microorganism. Grassland, woodland and a variety of different agricultural land(open field vegetable field, silage corn field, greenhouse vegetable field, potato field and oat field) were selected in the plateau of north Hebei, and surface(0-20 cm) soil was collected to analyze the differences in soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity. The results showed that the soil microbial biomass carbon(BC), soil microbial biomass nitrogen(BN), soil microbial biomass phosphorus(BP) content ranged from 49.15, 9.89, 0.50 mg·kg^-1 to 425.20, 64.08, 13.10 mg·kg^-1, respectively.Soil urease activity and invertase activity ranged from 0.01, 0.11 mg·g^-1·h^-1 to 0.08, 0.18 mg·g^-1·h^-1 respectively in different land use types. The contents of BC, BN and the activity of enzyme in grassland were higher than those in woodland and farmland. The content of BP in woodland was higher than that in grassland and farmland. For farmland with different vegetation, the contents of BC and BN in greenhouse vegetable soil were higher. The content of BP in silage maize soil was higher, but the BC content was lower. The contents of BN and BP in open vegetable soil was lower, while the enzyme activity was stronger. The content of BC was positively correlated with the activity of total organic matter(TOM), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) and NH4+-N significantly. The content of BP was significant positively correlated with(active soil organic matter) ASOM, while negatively correlated with inorganic phosphorus(IP) and IP/TP content. Urease activity was positively correlated with TN, TP, ASOM/TOM content and invertase activity. According to the result in this paper, the poor and degraded soils can be improved by replanting pasture, and the application of organic fertilizer can be regulated for the soils with low enzyme activity and poor f

关 键 词：土地利用方式 微生物量 酶活性 土壤 冀北坝上 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学] X144[农业科学—农业基础科学]