腐秆剂用量、含水量及初始碳氮比对水稻秸秆腐解性能的影响初探  

Effect of Decomposition Agent Dosage, Moisture Content, and Initial C/N Ratio on Decomposition of Rice Straw

作　　者：朱雅琪 王珊 柳勇 陈应龙[4] KARIMAN Khalil 梁金明[5] 温元明 周定志 陈展豪 张木 易秀 ZHU Yaqi;WANG Shan;LIU Yong;CHEN Yinglong;KARIMAN Khalil;LIANG Jinming;WEN Yuanming;ZHOU Dingzhi;CHEN Zhanhao;ZHANG Mu;YI Xiu(Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education/School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and FarmlandConservation, Guangzhou 510640, China;Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and Management/Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental Science &Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China;The UWA Institute of Agriculture/UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;Zhongshan Agricultural Science and Technology Extension Center, Zhongshan 528400, China;Shaxi Agricultural Service Center of Zhongshan City, Zhongshan 528471, China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学环境科学与工程学院/旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [2]广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室/农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室,广东广州510640 [3]广东省生态环境技术研究所/广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室,广东广州510650 [4]西澳大学农业与环境学院/澳大利亚西澳大学农业研究院 [5]中山市农业科技推广中心,广东中山528400 [6]中山市沙溪镇农业服务中心,广东中山528471

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2019年第3期601-611,共11页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中山市广东省科学院技术转移专项(2016G1FC0014);广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室/农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室开放课题(ZHS2018-02);广东省科技计划项目(农村科技领域)(2015A020208009);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41471246)

摘　　要：为了探明秸秆腐解的最佳初始条件,为腐熟秸秆还田提供科学依据,以水稻秸秆为腐解对象,设置不同的"金葵子"腐秆剂用量(因素A:A_0、A_(0.5)、A_(1.0);%)、含水量(因素B:B_(50)、B_(60)、B_(70);%)及初始碳氮(C/N)比(因素C:C_(20)、C_(22)、C_(25))等初始条件,进行正交试验,研究水稻秸秆腐解过程中pH、种子发芽指数(GI)、C/N比、腐解率(DR)、水溶性有机碳(DOC)及紫外光谱参数(SUVA_(280)、E_2/E_3和A_(226-400))等指标的动态变化,以确定这些初始条件对水稻秸秆腐解性能的影响。结果表明,(1)在腐解过程中,所有处理GI和DR值均随着腐解的进行逐渐升高;A_0B_(70)C_(25)和A_(0.5)B_(70)C_(22)处理C/N比持续下降,其他处理先升高后下降;A_0B_(50)C_(20)和A_(1.0)B_(70)C_(20)处理DOC含量先升高后下降,其他处理持续升高,紫外光谱参数的变化反映了水溶性有机物芳香性结构和腐殖化程度变化情况。(2)腐解结束时,未腐熟完全的A_(0)B_(50)C_(20)处理pH、GI和DR值(分别为7.05、34.9%和30.7%)明显较低,其C/N比(25.7)则明显较高,而大多数处理pH值符合腐熟堆肥标准(8.00-9.00),GI值符合毒性较低(≥50%)或完全腐熟状态(≥80%);A_0B_(70)C_(25)、A_(0.5)B_(70)C_(22)和A_(1.0)B_(60)C_(25)处理C/N比(分别为13.1、14.4、16.4)基本符合腐解产物最佳C/N比标准(15.0);A_(0.5)B_(70)C_(22)处理DR值(47.1%)最高。通过紫外光谱参数测定来预测GI值大小,为判断秸秆是否腐熟完全提供了一种替代性评价方法。直观分析法表明,水稻秸秆腐解最佳初始条件为"金葵子"腐秆剂0.5%、含水量70%、初始C/N比25;腐秆剂用量对DOC含量影响最大,含水量对C/N比、DR、SUVA280、E_2/E_3和A_(226-400)值影响最大,初始C/N比对pH和GI值影响最大。In the present study, the effect of different "Jinkuizi" decomposition agent dosages(Factor A: A0, A0.5, and A1.0;%),moisture contents(Factor B: B50, B60, and B70;%), and initial C/N ratios(Factor C: C20, C22, and C25) on rice straw decomposition was investigated using an orthogonal test design, in order to find out the best initial conditions for decomposing straw and provide a scientific basis for decomposed straw returning to the fields. Decomposition indicators such as pH, germination index(GI), C/N ratio, decomposing ratio(DR), dissolved organic carbon(DOC), and ultraviolet spectral parameters(SUVA280, E2/E3, and A226-400)were analyzed. Results showed that during the decomposition period, the GI and DR values for all treatments gradually increased as the decomposition progressed. The C/N ratios for the A0 B70 C25 and A0.5 B70 C22 treatments continuously decreased, while those for the other treatments first increased and then decreased. The DOC contents for the A0 B50 C20 and A1.0 B70 C20 treatments first increased and then decreased, while there was an increasing trend for the other treatments. The variation of aromatic structure and humification degree of dissolved organic matter was well linked to the variations of ultraviolet spectral parameters obtained from the rice straw compost. At the end of the decomposition period, the p H, GI, and DR values(7.05, 34.9%, and 30.7%, respectively) declined dramatically, whereas the C/N ratio(25.7) was very high in the incompletely decomposed A0 B50 C20 treatment. For all the employed treatments(except A0 B50 C20), the pH values were found in accordance with the required standard of compost maturity(8.00-9.00),while the higher GI values indicated low toxicity(≥50%) or fully decomposed state(≥80%). The C/N ratios for the A0 B70 C25,A0.5 B70 C22, and A1.0 B60 C25(13.1, 14.4, and 16.4, respectively) treatments were consistent with the best-fit value(15.0), and the highest DR value(47.1%) was found in the A0.5 B70 C22 treatment. The GI value could be inferred from ult

关 键 词：腐秆剂用量 含水量 初始C/N比 水稻秸秆 腐解 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]