减量施肥技术对寒地水稻生长及产量性状的影响  

Effect of Reducing Fertilization on Rice Growth and Yield Trait in Cold Region

作　　者：怀宝东[1] 隋文志[1] 徐飞[1] 李佩然[1] 隋新 田艳洪[1] 闫凤超[1] 刘卫东[1] Huai Baodong;Sui Wenzhi;Xu Fei;Li Peiran;Sui Xin;Tian Yanhong;Yan Fengchao;Liu Weidong(Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation,Harbin 150038)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农垦科学院,哈尔滨150038

出　　处：《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2019年第2期1-6,共6页journal of heilongjiang bayi agricultural university

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(东北平原北部水稻丰产节水节肥技术集成与示范:2013BAD07B01-06);黑龙江农垦总局科技支撑计划(<黑龙江垦区农业清洁生产技术集成与示范>:HNK135-02-09)

摘　　要：田间定位试验研究减量施肥技术措施对寒区水稻生长发育和产量性状的影响,以期为肥料减施和水稻高产高效的应用技术提供依托。于2015～2016年采用基肥施用过程减少氮肥施用量占施肥总量5%和10%比例,采用生物有机肥和生物菌剂营养补偿措施将减量施肥对植株生长发育和产量性状进行研究。结果表明:增施生物有机肥和生物菌剂的不同施肥处理与常规施肥相比较,结实率和穴实粒数指标显著增加并具有显著性差异水平(P<0.05),减量施肥10%+生物有机肥+生物菌剂处理与常规施肥处理相比较,分蘖末期植株生长发育指标无差异水平;于齐穗期光合速率和气孔导度指标较CF处理指标高1.02μmolCO_2·m^(-2)·s^(-1)、0.15 mol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),叶绿素含量、倒1叶面积、倒2叶面积、倒3叶面积和倒4叶面积指标均与CF处理呈显著性差异水平(P<0.05),其指标分别高于常规施肥处理5.8%、7.4%、7.1%、11.6%和6.1%;采用减量高效施肥营养补偿措施节省肥料10%,产量增加5.1%。减量施肥10%处理对水稻生长发育和产量性状均有促进作用。Field experiment was conducted to study the effect of compensation on fertility and yield trait in cold area. In 2015~2016,basal fertilizer was used to reduce nitrogen fertilizer application rate to 5% and 10% of total fertilizers.Bio-organic fertilizer and biocide nutrient compensation measures were used to study plant growth and yield traits.The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization,the application rates of bio-organic fertilizer and biocide increased significantly with the significant difference(P<0.05).Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment,the bio-organic fertilizer + biological agent treatment showed no difference in the growth and development of the late-tillering stage. At the heading stage, the photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance index were1.02 μmolCO2·m^-2·s^-1、0.15 mol·m^-2·s^-1, the chlorophyll content, the area of 1 leaf,the area of 2 leaf,the area of 3 leaf and the area of 4 leaf were significantly different from that of CF(P<0.05).The indexes were higher than conventional fertilization treatments by 5.8%,7.4%,7.1%,11.6% and 6.1%,respectively. Fertilizer 10% was saved and the yield increased by 5.1%. Decreasing fertilization 10% could promote the growth and yield of rice.

关 键 词：寒区水稻 减量施肥 生物有机肥 生物菌剂 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]