大荔冬枣园土壤肥力检测与评价  

Soil Fertility Analysis and Evaluation in Ziziphus jujube Orchards in Dali

作　　者：赵岳 郭瑞 郑险峰[1] 黄冬琳[1] 高文海[2] 李新岗[2] ZHAO Yue;GUO Rui;ZHENG Xianfeng;HUANG Donglin;GAO Wenhai;LI Xingang(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2019年第4期649-656,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：陕西省林业厅项目(K3380216021)~~

摘　　要：为了解陕西省大荔县冬枣养分资源管理现状及存在的问题,于2016年12月在该县冬枣主产区枣园进行养分投入情况调查,采样分析土壤速效养分质量分数,对该区氮磷钾养分投入及土壤养分丰缺状况做初步评价。结果表明,冬枣施用的氮(N)、磷(P_2O_5)、钾(K_2O)肥均高于该地区推荐用量。氮、磷、钾3种养分投入量配比为N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=1∶1.12∶1.05,与最佳配比(N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=1∶0.60∶0.75)相比比例失调。养分投入方式以基施为主,追施为辅,氮磷肥基追比例为9∶1,钾肥基追比例为8∶2。土壤硝态氮质量分数平均值为89.2 mg·kg^(-1),不同农户间差异较大,含量丰富与缺乏现象均有存在。土壤有效磷质量分数平均值为18.0 mg·kg^(-1)。大荔冬枣产区土壤速效钾质量分数较高,平均水平为215.8 mg·kg^(-1)。有机质质量分数较低,平均为10.2 g·kg^(-1),中微量元素含量适中或丰富。针对大荔冬枣园施肥与土壤肥力现状提出"重施有机肥,稳磷控氮钾,喷施中微肥"的施肥原则,指导枣农科学施肥。In order to evaluate the nutrients management condition of the Chinese Ziziphus jujube in Dali county,Shaanxi province,China,a survey of nutrients input was conducted in the Ziziphus jujube orchards of main production area in December,2016. Soil samples were collected and analyzed for evaluating soil available nutrients contents and conditions of N,P,K fertilizers nutrient input in the area. The results showed application rates of N,P and K fertilizers were higher than the local recommendation rates.The nutrients application ratio of the N,P,K was N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶1.12∶1.05,which was imbalanced compared with the optimal nutrients application ratio N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶ 0.60∶0.75. The main nutrients application method in the area was basal application,combined with topdressing.Basal application and topdressing ratio for the N,and P were both 9∶1 and K fertilizer was 8∶2. The average soil nitrate nitrogen was 89.2 mg·kg^-1,it varied greatly among farmers,and the conditions of soil rich in N and soil deficient in N were both widely extended.The average soil available phosphorus was 18.0 mg·kg^-1.The average soil available potassium was 215.8 mg·kg^-1,which was more than enough in the soils investigated. The soil organic matter mass fraction was low with the average of 10.2 g·kg^-1. The soil macro and micro elements were appropriate or sufficient in the soils investigated. We recommend to increase organic manure,control the P,reduce the N,K nutrient input,and increase foliar medium and micro elements nutrients application" for local jujube farmers in Dali county.

关 键 词：冬枣 施肥现状 土壤肥力 检测与评价 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]