两种先锋植物对铅锌废渣生境改善及重金属迁移的影响  

Effects of two pioneer plants on habitat improvement and heavy metal migration of lead-zinc smelting slags

作　　者：邱静 吴永贵[1,2,3] 罗有发 陈然 郑志林 周佳佳 QIU Jing;WU Yong-gui;LUO You-fa;CHEN Ran;ZHENG Zhi-lin;ZHOU Jia-jia(College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;Institute of applied ecology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;Karst Eco-Environmental Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学应用生态研究所,贵阳550025 [3]贵州省喀斯特环境生态工程研究中心,贵阳550025

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2019年第4期798-806,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41663009);国家自然科学基金-贵州省联合基金项目(U1612442-3);贵州省国内生态学一流学科建设项目(GNYL(2017)007号);贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目(黔教合KY字(2016)011)~~

摘　　要：为了研究自然定居的先锋植物对铅锌废渣的生态修复效应,通过野外采样及室内分析,研究了典型的黔西北土法炼锌废渣堆场上自然着生的2种先锋植物(土荆芥及类芦)对废渣基质养分积累、酶活性改善状况,并分析了2种先锋植物生长对炼锌废渣中特征重金属Cu、Cd、Zn、Pb的吸收积累特征及先锋植物根际微域中重金属赋存形态的影响。结果表明,与对照(无植被修复的裸露废渣)相比,自然定居在铅锌废渣堆场上的土荆芥和类芦可显著(P<0.05)改善植物根际废渣基质的养分(N、P、K、有机质)、酶活性(碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶)及微生物活性(呼吸作用强度);2种自然定居植物对Cu、Cd、Zn、Pb的赋存形态特征具有明显影响,植物生长促进根际废渣基质中残渣态Cu、Cd、Zn、Pb向可交换态转化进而增加废渣基质中重金属的生物有效性。土荆芥对Cu、Cd、Zn、Pb和类芦对Cu、Zn、Pb的转运系数均小于1,但类芦对Cd的转运系数达到2.02,表明类芦对Cd具有较强的吸收转移能力;两种植物均能在极端的废渣环境中生长,表现出对铅锌废渣较强的耐性和抗性。土荆芥和类芦的自然定植及生长对土法炼锌废渣堆场重金属污染有一定的修复作用,可作为先锋优势植物应用于铅锌废渣植被重建或生态修复工程实践的前期修复工作中。To determine the effects of pioneer plants on the ecological restoration of lead-zinc smelting slags in northwest Guizhou,this study analyzed the improvements effected by the naturally colonized plants Chenopodium ambrosioides L. and Neyraudia reynaudiana (Kunth)Keng ex Hitchc. on the nutrient and enzyme activity of the slag matrix.The effects of the two pioneer plants on the absorption and accumulation of toxic heavy metals(Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb)and their chemical fractions in the rhizosphere were also examined, via field sam. pling and laboratory testing.The results showed that,when compared to exposed slag without vegetation restoration, the plants significantly (P<0.05)increased the nutrients(N, P, K, and organic matter)in the slag matrix, stimulated enzyme(alkaline phosphatase, urease, inver. tase, catalase)activity, and improved the microbial respiratory intensity of the rhizosphere of the slags. The growth of the pioneer species al.so altered the distribution of the chemical fractions of major heavy metals and promoted a change from the residual fraction into the exchangeable fraction, which increased the bioavailability of heavy metals in the rhizosphere. The translocation factors of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. on Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb and Neyraudia reynaudiana(Kunth)Keng ex Hitchc. on Cu, Zn, Pb were lower than 1, but the translocation factor of Neyraudia reynaudiana(Kunth)Keng ex Hitchc. on Cd reached 2.02, indicating its strong ability to absorb and transfer Cd. These two pioneer plants can grow in an extremely harsh slag environment, exhibit strong ecological adaptability, and have certain restorative effects on lead-zinc smelting slags. Both can be used as dominant pioneers during the early stages of ecological reconstruction or restoration engineering of slags.

关 键 词：先锋植物 土法炼锌废渣 养分 酶活性 重金属 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]