急倾斜特厚煤层多分层同采巷道冲击地压成因及控制技术研究  

Study on the causes and control technology about the coal bump in multi-layered mining roadway in steep-thick coal seams

作　　者：鞠文君[1,2] 郑建伟 魏东 孙刘伟[1,2] 李文洲 JU Wenjun;ZHENG Jianwei;WEI Dong;SUN Liuwei;LI Wenzhou(Coal Mining & Designing Department, Tiandi Science & Technology Co Ltd, Beijing 100013, China;Mining Research Institute, China Coal Research Institute, Beijing 100013, China;China Huaneng Group Co Ltd, Beijing 100031, China)

机构地区：[1]天地科技股份有限公司开采设计事业部,北京100013 [2]煤炭科学研究总院开采设计研究分院,北京100013 [3]中国华能集团,北京100031

出　　处：《采矿与安全工程学报》2019年第2期280-289,共10页Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0804205);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51704156;51704160)

摘　　要：以甘肃华亭煤矿601,602回采工作面冲击地压回采巷道为研究背景,通过现场原岩应力场测量以及上覆围岩结构的力学分析,确定冲击地压发生的力源主要是向斜构造应力场与多分层同采导致的叠加应力场形成的复合应力场,上覆岩层"悬臂梁"结构失稳导致的冲击载荷是诱发冲击地压发生的结构性动力因素;基于此,提出以"错峰调压+爆破切顶+强力支护"为核心的急倾斜特厚煤层分层同采巷道冲击地压控制技术,通过错峰调压来降低回采巷道围岩煤岩体受超强采动影响造成的应力集中程度,爆破切顶控制上覆岩层"悬臂梁"结构的形态,强力支护使回采巷道围岩煤岩体与支护材料形成具有"高强度、强让压、整体性"支护体系。最后确定华亭煤矿同采工作面不宜超过2个,回采工作面间的错距不得小于500 m;在602工作面回风巷道布置钻孔应力计对爆破效果进行检验,结果表明巷道围岩煤岩体内部的集中应力在措施后呈阶段性降低的趋势,从而认为该控制技术可有效防止急倾斜特厚煤层分层同采导致的冲击地压灾害的发生。With the mining roadways with coal bumps of mining face 601 and 602 of Gansu Huating Coal Mine as the research background, through on-site in-situ stress field measurement and the mechanical analysis of the overlying surrounding rock structure, the main force source of the rock burst is identified to be a composite stress field formed by the synclinal tectonic stress field and the superimposed stress filed caused by multi-layered mining;the impact loading induced by the structural instability of overlying rock cantilever is the structural dynamic factor leading to coal bumps. Based on these results,the control technology of coal bumps is proposed with the core of "peak pressure regulation, blasting roof cutting and strong support" in the mining roadway in steep-thick coal seams. Through peak pressure regulation, the degree of stress concentration(caused by super mining) of the surrounding rock mass in the mining roadway is reduced;the blasting roof cutting can control the structural form of overlying roof cantilever;the strong support makes the surrounding rock mass in the mining roadway and the supporting materials form a support system with high strength, strong yield and integrity. Finally, it is concluded that the number of simultaneous mining working faces in Huating Coal Mine should not be more than 2, and the staggered distance between two working faces should not be less than 500 m. The blasting effect tested by the drilling stress gauge in ventilation roadway of working face 602 shows that the concentrated stress in surrounding rock mass decreases gradually. Therefore, it is considered that the control technology can effectively prevent the rock burst disaster caused by the stratified mining in steep-thick coal seams.

关 键 词：急倾斜特厚煤层 冲击地压 多分层同采 爆破切顶 强力支护 

分 类 号：TD35[矿业工程—矿井建设]