浅埋近水平煤层采场覆岩压力拱结构特性及演化机制分析  

Structural characteristics and evolution mechanism of overlying strata pressure arch in shallow and flat seams

作　　者：杨达明[1] 郭文兵[1,2] 于秋鸽 谭毅 邓伟男[3,4] YANG Daming;GUO Wenbing;YUQiuge;TAN Yi;DENG Weinan(School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China;Synergism Innovative Center of Coal Safety Production in Henan Province,Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China;Mining Research Branch, China Coal Research Institute, Beijing 100013;Coal Mining and Design Department, Tiandi Science and Technology Co Ltd, Beijing 100013, China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学能源科学与工程学院,河南焦作454000 [2]煤炭安全生产河南省协同创新中心,河南焦作454000 [3]煤炭科学研究总院开采研究分院,北京100013 [4]天地科技股份有限公司开采设计事业部,北京100013

出　　处：《采矿与安全工程学报》2019年第2期323-330,共8页Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51774111)

摘　　要：通过分析浅埋近水平煤层开采覆岩结构及破坏的特点,在压力拱和关键层理论的基础上建立了浅埋近水平煤层采场覆岩压力拱结构模型;认为该压力拱结构在工作面长度和推进方向上具有左右对称特征,压力拱发育至关键层后若关键层破断则基于破断位置重新起拱,若不破断则拱顶位于关键层附近,该压力拱结构模型能较好描述浅埋近水平煤层开采覆岩破坏形态。基于上述模型,分析了压力拱结构层和覆岩破坏区演化的突发性和阶段性特点,推导出了结构层压力拱轴线方程和覆岩破坏范围计算判据,分析了压力拱的极限变形量,给出关键层破断对压力拱发育影响的分析计算方法;通过对大柳塔矿52505工作面采场覆岩数值及理论分析,关键层破断后没有形成完整压力拱结构,导致地表出现塌陷。Based on the analysis of characteristics of overlying strata structure and failure in shallow and flat seams mining, and the theory of pressure arch and key stratum, the structural model of overlying strata pressure arch has been established. This paper argues that the pressure arch structure is bilaterally symmetrical in the width and advancing direction of the working face. When the pressure arch develops to the key stratum, and if the key stratum breaks, the pressure arch will be renewed near where it has broken;conversely, the vault will locate near the key stratum. The model can give a reasonable description of the damage form of overlying strata in shallow and flat coal seams. Based on the above-mentioned model, the sudden and phase-dependent evolution characteristics of the pressure arch structure layer and overburden failure zone are analyzed. The criterion of calculation for the axis equation of the pressure arch in the structural layer and the overlying strata damage range is presented. The limit deformation of the pressure arch is analyzed, and the analysis and calculation method of the influence of the key stratum fracture on the development of the pressure arch are presented. Through numerical and theoretical analysis of overlying strata values in working face 52505 in Daliuta Coalmine, the collapse of surface was a result of the absence of complete pressure arch structure after the key stratum fracture.

关 键 词：浅埋煤层 覆岩破坏 压力拱 关键层 

分 类 号：TD323[矿业工程—矿井建设]