冲突抑或媾和:乾嘉时期海盗与海商关系析论  

Conflict or Cooperation: An Analysis of the Relationship Between Piracy and Maritime Commerce in the Qianlong and Jiaqing Periods

作　　者：王华锋[1] WANG Huafeng

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学珠海分校马克思主义学院,广东珠海519087

出　　处：《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第3期157-163,192,共8页Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目"福建海盗研究(1684-1811)"(15FZS009);项目负责人:王华锋

摘　　要：乾嘉时期,海商下海为盗以及海盗涉足商业的"亦商亦盗"行为渐趋消失,然而海商与海盗关系仍颇为复杂。就海商而言,海盗既是海商海洋贸易的长久威胁,海商通常通过联合官府剿杀海盗以维护其海洋贸易利益;当海盗活动失控或政府盘剥行为超出海商承受能力之时,海商则会选择与海盗媾和,结成同盟以对抗政府。就海盗而言,海商既是海盗抢劫的主要对象,又是其船只、米粮等物资支持的主要来源。海商与海盗之间发生冲突抑或媾和,不过是海商在权衡利弊后的无奈选择而已。Qianlong and Jiaqing Periods were the times when the maritime commerce went to rob and the pirate engaged in the business gradually declined.However,the relationship between maritime commerce and piracy remains complex.As far as maritime commerce is concerned,piracy is not only a long-term threat to their maritime trade,but also a threat to their interests in maritime trade.When piracy is out of control or government exploitation is beyond the merchant's capability,the maritime commerce may choose to cooperate with pirates and form alliances against the government.As far as pirates are concerned,maritime commerce are not only the main targets of piracy,but also the main source of material support such as ships,rice and grain.Either conflict or cooperation between the maritime commerce and pirates is a helpless choice that maritime commerce makes based on their judgment between advantages and disadvantages.

关 键 词：乾嘉时期 海盗 海商 海疆政策 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]