红颈常室茧蜂蛹发育的形态特征  

Morphological characteristics of pupal development in Peristenus spretus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

作　　者：田苗苗 夏亚运 蔡笃程 罗淑萍[2] TIAN Miao-Miao;XIA Ya-Yun;CAI Du-Cheng;LUO Shu-Ping(Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricutural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带农林学院,海口570228 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2019年第2期295-301,共7页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201000)

摘　　要：红颈常室茧蜂Peristenus spretus Chen et van Achterberg是一种绿盲蝽若虫的优势内寄生蜂,本研究利用超景深三维显微系统、显微镜观察了红颈常室茧蜂老熟幼虫发育特征、蛹形态特征及蛹发育后期卵巢的超微结构。结果表明:红颈常室茧蜂蛹期为12～15 d,其中雌蛹期比雄蛹期长2～3 d。根据其形态特征,可将蛹划分为预蛹期、第一蛹阶段、第二蛹阶段、第三蛹阶段。蛹期发育前9 d,蛹期组织结构开始分化形成,成蜂的外部形态基本显现,但性别难以区分;蛹期发育至10～14 d,可通过幼蜂体表颜色的变化或腹部末端的形状区分性别,在相同的适宜温度条件下,雌蜂比雄蜂颜色深,雌蜂腹部末端比较尖,有突出的产卵瓣,雄峰腹部末端钝圆,无凸起;雌蜂卵巢在化蛹后的第11天开始形成,卵巢初期的形状如细丝,此时卵巢管已开始初步分化,但卵室尚未分化;蛹发育至第12天时,卵巢管逐渐加粗,卵室开始分化;第13天时,卵巢管、卵室数量逐渐增多;第14天卵巢基部开始有少量成熟卵子产生,呈乳白色。10～12 d,雄蜂腹部末端绒毛逐渐增多,体壁变硬,逐渐角质化,虫体可活动,雄蜂胸部略带黑色,翅逐渐伸展开,整个虫体呈浅红棕色。本研究结果明确了红颈常室茧蜂蛹发育的形态变化过程,提出了蛹期雌雄区分的方法,叙述了蛹后期卵巢发育特征,为研究该蜂繁殖机理奠定了形态学基础。Endoparasitoid Peristenus spretus (Chen et van Achterberg)(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is the dominant nymphal parasitoid of green mirid bug, Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür). In this study, using the superficial depth 3D microscopy system and microscopy, photographs of mature larvae, the morphological characteristics and the ovarian ultrastructure of female pupae were taken . The results showed that the pupal completes its development between 12~15 days, while the female period was 2~3 days longer than the male. The development process of pupa could be divided into prepupa, first pupal phase, second pupal phase, third pupal phase before adult emergence according to the morphological characteristics. The 9 days before the pupal development, the pupal tissue began to differentiate, and the external morphological characteristics of the adult appeared basicly, but the sex could not be determined. At 10~14 th days of pupal development, the sex could be distinguished by the change of the body color or the shape of the end of the abdomen. Under the same suitable temperature conditions, the female were darker colour, sharper of the end of abdomen, oviposition valve protrusion, and the end of male s abdomen were blunt, without bulge. The ovaries began to develop on 11 th day after the pupation, the ovaries were filaments at the early stage, and the ovarioles began to differentiate while the egg chambers were invisible;at 12 th day after pupation, the ovarioles thickened gradually, and the egg chambers began to found;at 13 th day, the number of ovarioles and egg chambers gradually increased;at 14 th day, a few milky white mature eggs appeared at the base of the ovaries. This study clarified the morphological changes of pupae, provided a method for distinguishing the male and female in the pupal stages, described the characteristics of ovarian development during the late pupae stage, established a basis on morphology for studying the reproductive mechanism in P. spretus.

关 键 词：红颈常室茧蜂 蛹 形态特征 发育历期 老熟幼虫 

分 类 号：Q964[生物学—昆虫学] S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]