亚洲飞蝗不同发育阶段取食习性的研究  

Study on Locusta migratoria migratoria diet in different development stages

作　　者：族米娜 牙森.沙力 阿力.西拉孜 古丽米拉.苏勒旦 阿布都热孜克.库玩 赵莉 涂雄兵[3] ZU Mi-Na;Yasen-Shali;Ali-Xilazi;Gulimila-Suletan;Abudurezike-Kuwan;ZHAO Li;TU Xiong-Bing(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of the Pest Monitoring and Safety Control of Crops and Forests,Urumqi 830052,China;Losust and Rodent Control Headquarters of Habahe,Habahe 836700,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院农林有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]哈巴河县治蝗灭鼠指挥部办公室,新疆哈巴河836700 [3]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2019年第2期335-342,共8页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：新疆自治区人力资源与社会保障厅高层次人才引进工程项目

摘　　要：为探明亚洲飞蝗食物选择机制及寄主植物对其生长发育的影响,基于对比称重法、取食频数测定和人工饲喂方式,对亚洲飞蝗不同龄期食量变化、对不同寄主植物喜食程度及主要寄主植物对其生长发育的影响进行研究。结果表明:雌性飞蝗4龄至成虫阶段日取食量分别为0.39±0.02、0.50±0.02、0.75±0.07 g/d。雄性飞蝗4龄至成虫阶段的日取食量分别为0.30±0.06、0.41±0.03、0.71±0.11 g/d。同性别亚洲飞蝗不同发育阶段日取食量间均存在极显著差异。选取小麦、玉米、芦苇、早熟禾、苜蓿、冷蒿等植物,进行取食频数测定。亚洲飞蝗3龄蝗蝻喜食小麦和芦苇,少食苜蓿和早熟禾,偶食玉米,不食冷蒿。4龄蝗蝻嗜食玉米,喜食小麦,少食芦苇,偶食早熟禾,不食苜蓿和冷蒿;5龄蝗蝻喜食小麦,少食芦苇、玉米和早熟禾,偶食苜蓿,不食冷蒿。成虫喜食小麦和玉米,少食芦苇和早熟禾,不食苜蓿和冷蒿。分别以小麦、玉米、芦苇及三者同比例混合物饲养亚洲飞蝗3龄、4龄、5龄蝗蝻后,不同龄期蝗蝻发育历期、交配次数、产卵次数均存在极显著差异。亚洲飞蝗随着年龄段的增长取食量逐渐增加,而亚洲飞蝗同一发育阶段雌性与雄性取食量之间没有显著差异。亚洲飞蝗在每个年龄段对不同的寄主植物具有选择性,主要取食的寄主植物为小麦、玉米和芦苇。与单种饲料饲养相比,以混合饲料饲养的亚洲飞蝗发育历期最短,交配次数最少,产卵次数最多。不同寄主植物对其生长发育有显著的影响。In order to find out the mechanism of food selection and the effect of host plants on the growth and development of Locusta migratoria L., the changes of food intake at different ages, the preference of different host plants and the effects of main host plants on the growth and development of L. migratoria were studied based on the methods of comparative weighing, determination of feeding frequency and artificial feeding.The results showed that the daily feed intake of female migratory locusts from 4 th instar to adult stage was 0.39 (+0.02), 0.50 (+0.02) and 0.75 (+0.07 g/d), respectively. The daily feed intake of male migratory locusts from 4 th instar to adult stage was 0.30 (+0.06), 0.41 (+0.03) and 0.71 (+0.11 g/d), respectively.There were significant differences in daily feed intake between different developmental stages of L. migratoria and those of the same sex. The feeding frequencies of wheat, maize, reed, bluegrass, alfalfa and Artemisia FRIGIDA were determined. The 3 th instar preferred wheat and reeds, fewer alfalfa and bluegrass, occasional corn and no Artemisia frigid. 4 th locusts instar preferred corn, wheat, reed, bluegrass, alfalfa and Artemisia frigida;5 th instar preferred wheat, reed, corn and bluegrass, alfalfa and Artemisia frigida. Adults preferred wheat and maize, fewer reeds and bluegrass, no alfalfa and Artemisia frigida. After rearing 3 th , 4 th and 5 th instar with wheat, maize, reed and their mixture in the same proportion, the development period, mating times and oviposition times of different age locusts were significantly different. The feed intake of L. migratoria increased with age, but there was no significant difference between male and female at the same developmental stage. L. migratoria are selective to different host plants in each age group. The main host plants are wheat, maize and reed. The development period of L. migratoria fed with mixed feed was shorter than that fed with single feed, and the mating times were the least, but the oviposition times were the most. Di

关 键 词：亚洲飞蝗 食量 取食偏好 发育历期 寄主植物 

分 类 号：Q965[生物学—昆虫学] S433.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]