基于微区设计的多雨地区烟田土壤氮素平衡研究  

Study on nitrogen balance of tobacco-planting soils in rainy regions based on micro-area design

作　　者：汪耀富 邵孝侯[2] 孙德梅[3] 陈立华[2] WANG Yaofu;SHAO Xiaohou;SUN Demei;CHEN Lihua(Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha 410007, China;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hehai University, Nanjing 210098, China;College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, China)

机构地区：[1]湖南中烟工业有限责任公司技术中心,长沙市劳动中路386号410007 [2]河海大学水利水电学院,南京市西康路1号210098 [3]河南中医药大学药学院,郑州市金水东路1号450008

出　　处：《烟草科技》2019年第3期18-25,共8页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：湖南中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目"烤烟水肥综合管理技术研究与应用"(2010-YC-0003)

摘　　要：为探明多雨地区烟田土壤氮素平衡状况,采用15N同位素示踪试验研究了烟草大田生育期内降雨量900～1 100 mm条件下,烤烟对氮素的吸收利用及烟田肥料氮的去向。结果表明,随施氮量增加,烤烟对肥料氮的吸收量有增大趋势,但氮肥利用率降低,肥料氮在土壤中的残留量及肥料氮的径流、渗漏和其他形式损失量都显著增大。在施氮量90～150 kg/hm2范围内,烤烟氮肥当季利用率由31.38%降至21.68%,肥料氮的土壤残留量、径流损失量、渗漏损失量和其他形式损失量分别达施氮量的27.65%～30.51%、22.42%～25.79%、12.09%～15.16%和6.47%～10.29%。烟田残留的肥料氮在第2年(季)被烤烟吸收利用率为7.10%～8.15%,仍在土壤中的残留量占施氮量的8.89%～9.95%,径流、渗漏和其他形式损失量分别占施氮量的4.46%～4.68%、5.73%～6.59%和1.16%～1.37%。因此,肥料氮在烟田土壤中残留量较高,径流和渗漏损失量较大是多雨烟区烤烟氮肥利用率低的主要原因。适当控制氮素用量,减少肥料氮的径流和渗漏损失是提高烤烟氮肥利用率的主要途径。To investigate the nitrogen balance of tobacco-planting soils in rainy regions, the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by flue-cured tobacco and the fate of fertilizer nitrogen in tobacco-planting soils were studied by 15N isotope tracer test under different rainfall conditions (900-1 100 mm) during tobacco growing season. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application rate, the absorption of fertilizer nitrogen increased, while nitrogen utilization efficiency decreased. And the residual fertilizer nitrogen in soils and fertilizer nitrogen loss by runoff, leakage and the other forms increased significantly. Within the nitrogen application rate of 90-150 kg/hm2, the nitrogen utilization efficiency of flue-cured tobacco dropped from 31.38% to 21.68%, and the proportions of residual fertilizer nitrogen and fertilizer nitrogen loss by runoff, leakage and the other forms accounted for 27.65%-30.51%, 22.42%-25.79%, 12.09%-15.16% and 6.47%-10.29% of nitrogen application rate, respectively. The utilization efficiency of residual fertilizer nitrogen in soils by flue-cured tobacco was from 7.10% to 8.15% in the 2nd year. And the residual fertilizer nitrogen in soils and fertilizer nitrogen loss by runoff, leakage and the other forms still accounted for 8.89%-9.95%, 4.46%-4.68%, 5.73%-6.59% and 1.16%-1.37% of the original nitrogen application rate, respectively. Therefore, higher residual fertilizer nitrogen in soils and more fertilizer nitrogen loss by runoff and leakage are the main reasons causing the lower nitrogen utilization efficiency of flue-cured tobacco in rainy regions, and the appropriate control of nitrogen application rate and reduction of fertilizer nitrogen loss by runoff and leakage are the main ways to promote the nitrogen utilization efficiency of flue-cured tobacco.

关 键 词：烤烟 肥料氮 氮肥利用率 径流 渗漏 

分 类 号：S572.06[农业科学—烟草工业]