怒江源区小唐古拉山冻融过程水源解析  

Analysis of water resources during soil freezing and thawing in little Tanggula Mountain in Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：董国强[1,2] 翁白莎[2] 石晓晴 严登华[2] 王浩[2] 胡勇[2,3] DONG Guoqiang;WENG Baisha;SHI Xiaoqing;YAN Denghua;WANG Hao;HU Yong(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources of Anhui Province,Water Resources Research Institute of Anhui Province and Huaihe River Water Resources Commission,MWR,Bengbu 233000,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海201620 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [3]水利部淮河水利委员会水利科学研究院安徽省水利水资源重点实验室,安徽蚌埠233000

出　　处：《水利水电技术》2019年第3期10-16,共7页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目"那曲流域水源解析及气候变化的响应"(91547209);国家自然科学基金面上项目"那曲上游流域草地演变对坡面产流影响机理实验与模拟"(41571037);国家自然科学基金项目(51809002)

摘　　要：高寒地区径流的补给水源有冰雪融水、降水、地下水、土壤冻融水等类型,为了识别不同时期水源类型对水循环过程的影响,根据小唐古拉山一年野外气象观测资料与采集水样检测的同位素结果,运用统计学方法,分析研究了土壤温、湿度的变化特征以及相互之间的关系,并揭示高寒流域不同冻融过程中的水分来源。结果表明:(1)土壤温度呈近似正弦曲线的周期性变化特征,与气温和相对湿度均呈极显著正相关,土壤湿度与土壤温度和气温均呈显著的正相关关系;(2)依据活动层的土壤温度和土壤湿度的变化,将该区域的冻融过程划分为完全冻结期、融化过程期、完全融化期和冻结过程期;(3)完全冻结期河流的水分来源主要是地下水(山泉水);融化过程期河流的水分来源主要是地下水(山泉水)和冰雪融水;完全融化期河流的水分来源主要是地下水(山泉水)、大气降水、冰雪融水和土壤冻融水;冻结过程期河流的水分来源主要是地下水(山泉水)。本研究成果可为高寒流域径流演变机理识别及适应气候变化提供支撑。The water resources of runoff in alpine region are groundwater (spring water ), precipitation, meltwater and soil thawing water. Based on field observations, we collect data from various resources in one year including precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, soil temperature, soil moisture, and obtain isotopic data of collected water samples. According to gathered data, we statistically investigate the change characteristics of soil temperature, soil moisture and the relationship between them. The obtained results are summarized in the following:(1 ) Soil temperature exists a periodic variation characteristic, which is approximated by sinusoidal curve. Soil temperature has positive correlation with air temperature and relative humidity, while soil moisture has a significant positive correlation with soil temperature and air temperature.(2 ) Using the variation of soil temperature and soil moisture in the active layer, the study period can be divided into four different phases based on the freeze-thaw action, including entirely frozen period, thaw ignition period, entirely thawed period and freeze ignition period.(3 ) The main resource of runoff is groundwater (spring water ) during entirely frozen period. The main resources of runoff are groundwater (spring water ) and meltwater during thaw ignition period. The main resources of runoff are groundwater (spring water ), precipitation, meltwater and soil thawing water during entirely thawed period. The main resource of runoff is groundwater (spring water ) during freeze ignition period. At the same time, it provides scientific reference for identifying the mechanism of runoff evolution and adapting to climate change in the alpine basin.

关 键 词：高寒流域 土壤温度 土壤湿度 水源解析 

分 类 号：P642.14[天文地球—工程地质学]