盐城自然保护区典型农田不同作物期的鸟类群落及其对生境的利用  被引量:13

The bird community in different crops periods of typical farmland and its utilization of habitats in Yancheng Nature Reserve

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作  者:张芳 王淼 钟稚昉 鲁长虎[1] 王健翮 张燕[1] ZHANG Fang;WANG Miao;ZHONG Zhifang;LU Changhu;WANG Jianhe;ZHANG Yan(Nanjing Forestry University Southern Modern Forestry Collaborative Innovation Center,College of Biological andEnvironmental Science,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210037,China)

机构地区:[1]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心生物与环境学院,江苏南京210037

出  处:《生态科学》2019年第2期36-44,共9页Ecological Science

基  金:国家自然科学基金项目(31670432);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0502704)资助

摘  要:盐城滨海滩涂湿地存在较大范围的围垦,围垦后农田的利用方式与鸟类群落的关系研究对土地的科学管理和鸟类保护具有重要意义。2014年12月至2015年11月期间,在盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区缓冲区中路港区域面积为600 hm^2的典型农田生境设置了4条鸟类调查样带,总面积26.3 hm2,逐月对不同作物期的鸟类群落及生境利用方式进行了研究。结果表明,在农田栖息的鸟类种数共70种,隶属11目33科,优势种有豆雁(Anser fabalis)、灰鹤(Grus grus)等。中路港农田在一年中的两种不同作物时期吸引到的鸟类种数基本相同,但组成存在显著差异,两种时期吸引的水鸟的数量均大于林鸟数量。采用MOSAIC PLOT模型分析鸟类对农田的利用方式,鸟类在油菜期对农田的利用方式主要为觅食,主要种类为豆雁、灰鹤等,在水稻期,则为觅食、栖息,主要种类为鸻鹬类。从栖息地管理的角度看,农田土地的利用类型和食物的丰富程度对鸟类的选择有重要影响作用,在农田不同作物期保留一定的谷物或降低人类干扰程度,有利于提高鸟类多样性。The coastal area of Yancheng protected area has a wide range of reclamation. Research on the utilization of farmland after reclamation and the relationship between bird community is of significance to the scientific management of land and the protection of birds. From December 2014 to November 2015, four belt transects were set up for the 600 hm^2 of typical farmland area in the buffer zone of the national nature reserve of Yancheng wetland, covering 26.3 hm2 to complete a monthly survey of bird community in different crops periods and its utilization of habitats. The results indicated that in total70 species belonging to 11 orders 33 families were recorded in the farmland, Anser fabalis and Grus grus were the dominant species. The number of bird species attracted to the Zhonglugang farm in the middle of the year was basically the same, but the composition was significant difference;the number of waterbirds attracted to both periods was greater than the number of forestbirds. Using MOSAIC PLOT model to analyze the use of birds to farmland, we found that the main way for birds to make use of farmland in rape period was foraging, like bean goose, crane etc. the main behavior of rice period was foraging and rooting, like shorebirds. From the perspective of bird habitat management, type of farmland and the abundance of food had important influence on the selection of birds. Keeping grain or reducing human interference is good for improving bird diversity.

关 键 词:盐城自然保护区 农田 鸟类群落 MOSAICPLOT模型 

分 类 号:Q958.1[生物学—动物学]

 

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