嫁接砧木对关中东部越冬番茄生长及果实品质的影响  

Effects of Rootstock Varieties on the Growth and Fruit Quality of Wintering Tomatoes in Eastern Guanzhong

作　　者：任平 阮祥稳[2] 李英梅 张锋 洪波 赵伟[3] 王远征 陈志杰 付博 REN Ping;RUAN Xiangwen;LI Yingmei;ZHANG Feng;HONG Bo;ZHAO Wei;WANG Yuanzheng;CHEN Zhijie;FU Bo(Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi,Xi’an 710032,China;Enzyme Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi,Lintong Shaanxi 710600,China;Weinan Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Weinan Shaanxi 714000,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省生物农业研究所,西安710032 [2]陕西省酶工程技术中心,陕西临潼710006 [3]渭南市农业技术推广中心,陕西渭南714000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2019年第3期422-432,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：陕西省科技计划项目(2018NY-035);陕西省科学院产业化专项(2018K-03);陕西省重点项目(2017ZDXM-NY-008)~~

摘　　要：以‘金鹏11’为接穗,选用10个番茄砧木品种分别嫁接,在关中东部日光温室越冬栽培,采用隶属函数值法,分析砧木品种对嫁接番茄生长发育和果实产量的影响;通过对嫁接成活率、定植成活率、商品果率、果实产量和品质等13项单项指标进行量化分析,采用"综合满意度"法对嫁接砧木进行综合评价。结果表明:‘金砧1号’‘金砧4号’和‘鲁砧2号’3种砧木的嫁接成活率显著高于对照和其他砧木品种,其中以‘金砧1号’最高,达90.67%。嫁接苗定植成活率除‘浙砧1号’和‘番砧1号’较低外,其余砧木均达95%以上。嫁接番茄的生长势和产量因砧木不同而表现出显著差异,隶属函数值评价显示,除‘浙砧1号’和‘番砧1号’外,其余砧木嫁接促进番茄生长,增产效果较好,其中‘金砧1号’和‘金砧2号’的嫁接番茄植株生长最为健壮,壮苗指数分别为13.94和15.51,单株产量也较高,分别为2.67 kg和2.43 kg,增产率达到47.51%和34.25%。嫁接砧木对番茄果型指数影响不显著。‘金砧2号’的商品果率最高,达87.28%。不同砧木对果实各营养指标的作用方向不尽一致,果实的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、维生素C质量分数及糖酸比与对照相比互有高低。在对嫁接番茄单株性状分析的基础上,采用满意度综合评价认为,‘金砧1号’和‘金砧2号’砧木嫁接番茄不仅成活率高,植株生长健壮,而且显著提高产量及果实品质,适应当地土壤和气候条件,可作为关中东部越冬番茄嫁接砧木选择的优选品种。As scion,the tomato variety‘Jinpeng 11’was grafted on 10 different rootstocks to screen the most adaptable one to support the growth of overwintering tomato planted in greenhouse in the east of Guanzhong areas.The growth,development and the yields composition of grafted tomato were analyzed with method of membership function.In addition,survival rate of grafting,survival rate of planting,yields composition and quality etc.were integrated to the finally comprehensive appreciation for the rootstock variety.The results showed that the survival rate of rootstock‘Jinzhen No.1’,‘Jinzhen No.4’and‘Luzhen No.2’were higher compared with others,especially,it showed highest and reached to 90.67%when the rootstock was‘Jinzhen No.1’.For the survival rate of planting,it can reach to 95%in most rootstocks apart from‘Zhezhen No.1’and‘Fanzhen No.1’.For the growth vigor and yields composition,the results indicated that the diversity correlated with different rootstocks.In the analysis of membership function for all rootstocks,it showed that eight rootstocks could promote the growth and yields increment of the tomato,apart from‘Zhezhen No.1’and‘Fanzhen No.1’,and‘Jinzhen No.1’and‘Jinzhen No.2’showed the best support for the tomato growth and yields composition.So it was concluded that,although,the fruit index was slightly affected by the variety of rootstocks,but the soluble solid,soluble sugar,titratable acid,vitamin C and sugar/acid represented variable among the different rootstocks.Above all,‘Jinzhen No.1’and‘Jinzhen No.2’,which showed higher survival rate,more robust growth of plant,more production of tomato,and better quality of fruits,are two favorable rootstock candidates to be used in the growth support of overwintering tomato planted in greenhouse in the east of Guanzhong areas.

关 键 词：番茄 砧木 嫁接 生长 产量 果实品质 

分 类 号：S626.4[农业科学—园艺学]