失效汽车尾气净化催化剂中铂族金属回收技术  

Progress in recovery technology of platinum group metals from spent automobile exhaust purification catalysts

作　　者：牛永红[1,2,3] 程国威 云飞 徐文利 NIU Yong-hong;CHENG Guo-wei;YUN Fei;XU Wen-li(School of Energy and Environment,Inner Mongolia University Science and Technology,Baotou 014010,China;Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Bayan Obo Multi-metal Resources,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014010,China;Mining Research Institute,Inner Mongolia University Science and Technology,Baotou 014010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院,内蒙古包头014010 [2]内蒙古科技大学内蒙古自治区白云鄂博矿多金属资源综合利用重点实验室,内蒙古包头014010 [3]内蒙古科技大学矿业研究院,内蒙古包头014010

出　　处：《应用化工》2019年第4期964-969,974,共7页Applied Chemical Industry

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技创新引导奖励基金项目(2017CXYD-5)

摘　　要：主要对失效汽车尾气净化催化剂中的铂族金属回收技术做了综述。失效催化剂的回收技术包括催化剂预处理、铂族金属的富集、铂族金属的精炼、回收铂族金属后废渣的回收应用等多个环节。铂族金属的富集主要有火法与湿法两大工艺。火法工艺包括等离子熔炼法、金属捕集法、干式氯化法等技术;湿法工艺有载体溶解法、活性组分溶解法、全溶法及加压氰化法等技术。铂族金属的精炼主要有还原沉淀法、离子交换法、溶剂萃取法等。其中在富集工艺中火法有着处理量大、铂族金属回收率稳定、不需要处理大量废液等技术优势。Techniques of recycling platinum group metals contained in spent automobile exhaust purification catalysts are reviewed.The recycle techniques of spent catalysts includes pretreatment of catalyst,enrichment of platinum group metals,refining of platinum group metals,and the recycle of waste residues produced in recycling the platinum group metals.The enrichment of platinum group metals mainly consists of pyrometallurgical process and hydrometallurgical process.The former includes plasma melting,metal trapping,dry chlorination,and so on.The latter includes the carrier dissolution method,the active component dissolution method,the complete dissolution method,the pressurized cyanidation method,and the like.The refining of the platinum group metals mainly incorporates reductive precipitation method,ion exchange method,solvent extraction method,and so on.The pyrometallurgical process in the enrichment process has a larger processing capacity and a more stable recycle rate of platinum group metals.What’s more,it circumvents the trouble of dealing with a large amount of effluent.

关 键 词：失效汽车尾气净化催化剂 铂族金属 预处理 富集 精炼 

分 类 号：TQ426.96[化学工程] TF83[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]