论杨度的“中华民族”观及其历史地位  

Yang Du's View of “Chinese Nation” and Its Historical Position

作　　者：郑大华[1,2] 刘平[3] ZHENG Dahua;LIU Ping

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学中国思想史研究所 [2]中国社会科学院近代史研究所 [3]湖南大学图书馆

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2019年第2期102-109,共8页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"中国共产党‘中华民族’观念的形成与发展研究"(16ADJ003);国家民委重点项目"中国共产党‘中华民族’观念的形成研究"

摘　　要："中华民族"这一观念经历过从提出到确立、再到被各族人民普遍认同的演化过程。清末是"中华民族"的提出阶段,梁启超是这一观念的最早提出者。继梁启超后,杨度又在《金铁主义说》一文中对这一观念作了进一步阐述。针对杨度的《金铁主义说》,章太炎写了《中华民国解》一文。与梁启超比较,杨度更强调文化认同对于"中华民族"形成的重要意义和现实中汉、满、蒙、回、藏五族的交往与融合。与章太炎比较,杨度更强调文化而非血缘在"中华民族"亦即汉民族形成中的作用,实际上他和章太炎对是文化还是血缘在民族形成中的作用更重要一些的强调,是与革命派和立宪派不同的民族建国主张联系在一起的。杨度在《金铁主义说》一文中提出的"五族合一""五族一家"论是武昌起义后提出的"五族共和"主张的重要思想渊源,而"五族共和"的提出并发展成为中华民国的建国方针,对"中华民族"观念的最终形成产生过重要的促进作用。The concept of"Chinese Nation"underwent the evolutionary process from being put forward to being established and being recognized by people of all ethnic groups. Liang Qichao was the first to put forward it in the late Qing Dynasty,and then,Yang Du further elaborated on it in his article"Gold and Iron Doctrine". In response to Yang,Zhang Taiyan wrote the article"An Interpretation of the Republic of China". Compared with Liang Qichao,Yang Du emphasized more on the significance of cultural identity in the formation of the "Chinese Nation"and the practical communication between and integration of Han,Manchu,Mongolian,Hui,and Tibetan nationalities. In comparison with Zhang,Yang Du emphasized more on the role of culture rather than blood relationship in the formation of the"Chinese Nation". In fact,Yang’s and Zhang’s idea whether culture or blood was more important in the formation of the nation correspond to the different ideas on the founding of a national state hold by revolutionaries and constitutionalists. Yang Du’s ideas of"Unity of Five Nationalities"and"One Family of Five Ethnic Group"in his"Gold and Iron Doctrine"are the origin of the idea of"Republic of Five Nationalities"put forward after the Wuchang Uprising,which developed into the founding policy of the Republic of China and played an important role in promoting the ultimate formation of the Chinese Nation.

关 键 词：杨度 《金铁主义说》 “中华民族”观念 “五族合一” “五族共和” 

分 类 号：D092[政治法律—政治学]