岩土锚固吸能锚杆支护材料/结构及其力学性能研究进展  

Research Progress on Material/Structure and Mechanical Properties of Energy-absorbing Bolt Used in Ground Anchorage

作　　者：李景文 乔建刚 付旭[2] 刘晓立[2] LI Jingwen;QIAO Jiangang;FU Xu;LIU Xiaoli(College of Civil and Transportation,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401;Department of Architectural Engineering,North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering,Langfang 065000)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学土木与交通学院,天津300401 [2]北华航天工业学院建筑工程系,廊坊065000

出　　处：《材料导报》2019年第9期1567-1574,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项(2017YFC0805404);天津市科技计划项目科技支撑重点项目(18YFZCSF00720);河北省建设科技研究指导性计划项目(20182051);河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(QN2017003)~~

摘　　要：吸能锚杆自20世纪90年代问世以来,有效解决了岩土层的大变形和瞬时高动载荷问题,在深部软岩工程领域中发挥着重要作用。吸能锚杆的传统支护材料一般主要包括杆体、托板、螺母和锚固剂,其中杆体材料一般为圆钢和螺纹钢,在静载和动载条件下表现出了优良的材料性能;树脂锚固剂是最主要的锚固剂之一,分为慢、中、快和超快四种型号,澳大利亚与中国均成功研制了双速树脂锚固剂。目前,已有几十种吸能锚杆被研制出来,例如锥形锚杆、D形锚杆、Garford锚杆、Yield-Lok锚杆、Roofex锚杆等,这些锚杆可分为杆体可延伸型和构件可滑移型两类。例如,锥形锚杆主要依靠杆体上的锥形体在锚固剂中的滑移来吸收和转移围岩膨胀变形能; D形锚杆主要依靠杆体上桨状或波纹状的锚固单元屈服变形来吸收和转移围岩膨胀变形能; Garford锚杆和Roofex锚杆均依靠拉力载荷迫使锚杆杆体从滑移元件(套筒状,要求内径小于锚杆直径)中被挤压出,从而吸收和转移围岩膨胀变形能。对于上述吸能锚杆,其所受拉力载荷(工作阻力)随位移而变化,延伸率有限,当围岩膨胀变形能足够大时,锚杆支护系统易被冲击破坏,难以满足大变形控制要求。鉴于此,何满朝院士首次在岩土锚固领域中提出了负泊松比(NPR)材料/结构的概念,并成功研发了具有独特负泊松比效应的吸能型NPR锚杆。NPR锚杆在抗剪、抗动载荷和吸能方面比传统材料锚杆更具优势,有利于岩土锚固领域向更深部的软岩支护方向发展。随着采掘深度的不断加大,软岩体所表现出的非线性物理力学现象也更加复杂,吸能锚杆仍需在新材料和新结构、与围岩间的协调工作机制、多场耦合下的锚固机理、杆体腐蚀问题及信息智能化设计方法与工艺方面继续开展深入研究。本文分别对传统支护材料和负泊松比材料/结构吸能锚杆的材�Energy-absorbing bolt has effectively solved the problem of high deformation and instantaneous high dynamic load of rock and soil layer and played an important role in deep soft rock engineering since the 90s of 20 century.The traditional supporting materials of energy-absorbing bolts generally include bolt body,bracket,nut and anchoring agent.The bolt body materials are generally round steel and threaded steel,which show excellent material properties under static and dynamic loading conditions.Resin anchoring agent is one of the main anchoring agents,which can be divided into four types:slow,medium,fast and super fast.Australia and China have developed two-speed resin anchoring agent successfully.At present,dozens of energy absorbing bolts have been developed,such as cone bolt,D-bolt,Garford bolt,Yield-Lok bolt and Roofex bolt.These bolts can be divided into two categories:extendable and slippable.For example,Cone bolt absorbs and transfers the swelling deformation energy of surrounding rock mainly by the slip of cone in anchorage agent.D-bolt absorbs and transfers the swelling deformation energy of surrounding rock mainly by the yielding deformation of paddle-shaped or corrugated anchorage elements on the bar.Both Garford solid bolt and Roo-fex bolt depend on tension load to force the bolt body to be extruded from the slippery element(sleeve shape,inner diameter less than bolt dia-meter),so as to absorb and transfer the swelling deformation energy of surrounding rock.For the above energy-absorbing bolts,the tension load(working resistance)varies with displacement and the elongation is limited.When the expansive deformation energy of surrounding rock is large enough,the bolt support system is easy to be damaged by impact,and it is difficult to meet the requirements of large deformation control.In view of this,Academician Manchu He proposed the concept of negative Poisson’s ratio(NPR)material/structure for the first time in the field of geotechnical anchorage,and successfully developed energy-absorbing NPR bolt

关 键 词：岩土锚固 吸能锚杆 大变形控制 支护材料/结构 可延伸型 可滑移型 负泊松比 

分 类 号：TD35[矿业工程—矿井建设]