RNAi在害虫防治中应用的重要进展及存在问题  

Application of RNAi in insect pest management: important progress and problems

作　　者：胡少茹 关若冰 李海超 苗雪霞 HU Shao-Ru;GUAN Ruo-Bing;LI Hai-Chao;MIAO Xue-Xia(Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology,Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200032,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海生命科学研究院植物生理生态研究所昆虫发育与进化生物学重点实验室,上海200032 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2019年第4期506-515,共10页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0200905);国家"973"计划项目(2015CB755703);国家自然科学基金项目(31672354;31772520;31702057)

摘　　要：RNAi是目前最有可能应用于害虫绿色防控的新技术。2017年6月,美国环境署(EPA)批准了国际上第一例表达昆虫双链RNA(dsRNA)的抗虫转基因玉米MON87411,掀起了利用RNAi技术进行害虫防治研究新的热潮。但是,目前RNAi在害虫防治中的应用还存在一些问题,例如有效靶标基因筛选和应用策略,鳞翅目昆虫对RNAi的敏感性以及双链RNA在环境中的稳定性等等。本文系统总结了RNA干扰现象发现20年来,该技术在害虫防治领域的研究及应用概况,并对RNAi技术应用的可行性、应用方法、存在问题和目前的一些解决办法进行了比较详细的综述。通过对近期研究结果的综合分析发现,dsRNA进入某些鳞翅目昆虫中肠或血淋巴后,被相关核酸酶降解可能是其RNAi效率较低的首要原因。通过对dsRNA进行脂质体修饰,纳米粒子包埋可以在一定程度上解决dsRNA降解的问题,进而提高RNAi效率。RNAi is regarded as a green pest control strategy most likely to be applied in insect pest control. In June 2017,United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved the first transgenic insect-resistant maize MON87411 expressing insect double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in the world,and this brought a new upsurge of research of using RNAi technology in insect pest management. However,there are still some problems to be addressed in the application of RNAi technology in pest control,e.g .,screening and application strategies of effective target genes,the sensitivity of lepidopteran insects to RNAi,the stability of dsRNA in environment,etc . In this article,we summarized the research and application of RNAi technology in relation to pest control over the past two decades. We also reviewed the feasibility,application methods,existing problems and some current solutions of RNAi technology. We found that the degradation of dsRNA in the midgut or hemolymph of some lepidopteran insects may be the primary reason of the low RNAi efficiency through a comprehensive analysis of recent research results. Through dsRNA modification or embedding by liposome or nanoparticle,it is possible to solve the problem of dsRNA degradation to a certain extent,thus improving the RNAi efficiency.

关 键 词：RNA干扰 害虫防治 基因功能 双链RNA 脂质体 纳米粒子 

分 类 号：Q966[生物学—昆虫学]