牛粪预处理对蚯蚓堆肥生物学特性和养分含量的影响  

Effects of Cow Dung Pretreatment on Biological Characteristics and Nutrient Content of Vermicomposting

作　　者：鲁耀雄[1,2,3] 崔新卫 陈山[1] 龚慧玲[2] 唐柳 彭福元 龙世平[1] 张浩[3] LU Yao-xiong;CUI Xin-wei;CHEN Shan;GONG Hui-ling;TANG Liu;PENG Fu-yuan;LONG Shi-ping;ZHANG Hao(Institute of Agro-environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China;Changsha Haobo Biotechnology Limited Company in Hunan, Changsha 410606, China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省农业科学院农业环境生态研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]湖南农业大学植物保护学院,湖南长沙410125 [3]长沙浩博生物科技有限公司,湖南长沙410606

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2019年第4期39-45,共7页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2017JJ3163);湖南省农科院创新项目(2016QN02);湖南省农业科技创新联盟项目(2017LM0302)

摘　　要：通过室内模拟试验,探讨了牛粪不作处理(CK1)、添加稻草和EM菌剂(CK2)、添加EM菌剂(T1)以及添加84消毒液(T2)预处理对蚯蚓堆肥中蚯蚓生长繁殖、微生物数量以及氮磷钾养分含量的影响。蚯蚓堆肥60 d后,84消毒液预处理的蚯蚓总产量最高(10.7 kg/m^3),比CK1提高70.9%,比CK2提高44.4%,并且细菌和放线菌数量比堆肥初期增加倍数也是最多的,其中细菌数量增加了2倍,放线菌数量增加了34.37倍。牛粪不同预处理蚯蚓堆肥的pH都是由碱性逐渐向中性变化,全氮和铵态氮含量呈现缓慢降低的变化趋势,而硝态氮和发芽指数呈现逐步上升的变化趋势,其中84消毒液预处理后蚯蚓堆肥前后氮素损失率最多,为32.8%,堆肥结束时发芽指数最大,为83.1%。84消毒液预处理改变了牛粪中的微生物数量和群落结构,减少硫化氢、氨气等臭气物质的产生,更有利于蚯蚓的生长和繁殖,影响了堆肥前后养分变化的差异。Through indoor simulation experiments, we explored the influences of different cow dung pretreatments(not pretreating, CK1;adding rice straw and EM agent, CK2;spraying EM agent, T1;spraying disinfectant 84, T2) on the earthworm growth and reproduction, microbial quantity, and nutrient(N, P, K) contents in vermicomposting. On the 60 th day after composting cow dung by earthworms, the total production of earthworms was the highest(10.7 kg/m^3) in the cow dung pretreatment T2, being 70.9% and 44.4% higher than that in CK1 and CK2, respectively, and the quantity of bacteria and actinomycetes in vermicomposting was also the biggest, which was 3.00 times and 35.37 times that at initial compositing stage, separately. The pH-value of differently-pretreated vermicomposting gradually changed from alkaline to neutral, the contents of total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen showed a slow decreasing trend, while the nitrate nitrogen content and germination index showed a gradual increasing trend in the composting process. The pretreatment T2 caused the most nitrogen loss rate(32.8%) during the composting, and led to the highest germination index(83.1%) at the end of the composting. The cow dung pretreatment with disinfectant 84 changed the quantity and community structure of microbes in the cow dung, reduced the production of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas, was more beneficial to the growth and reproduction of earthworms, and influenced the difference in nutrient changes before and after the vermicomposting.

关 键 词：牛粪 蚯蚓堆肥 84消毒液 生长繁殖 微生物 腐熟进程 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学]