趋磁细菌改造及磁小体功能化的研究进展  

Research Progress on the Transformation of Magnetotactic Bacteria and Magnetosome Functionalization

作　　者：周子琦 李舒婷 田杰生[2] 贺万崇 许文涛[1,3] ZHOU Zi-qi;LI Shu-ting;TIAN Jie-sheng;HE Wan-chong;XU Wen-tao(College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083;College of Biology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083;Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国农业大学生物学院,北京100083 [3]北京食品营养与人类健康高精尖创新中心,北京100083

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2019年第4期139-150,共12页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31671922)

摘　　要：趋磁细菌(Magnetotactic bacteria,MTB)是一种可在外磁场作用下沿磁场线定向运动的革兰氏阴性菌,其体内的磁小体(Bacterial magnetosomes,BMs)是由MTB经过生物矿化合成的。BMs在MTB体内成链状排列,由外层膜和内部磁铁矿晶体构成。BMs具有大小均一,单磁畴,大的比表面积,良好的生物相容性,超顺磁性等特点被广泛应用于医疗领域。目前,基于MTB的改造方法相对较少且主要偏向于通过改变BMs的形态、组成等进一步达到改造MTB的目的。BMs的功能化策略相对较多,主要分为化学修饰和生物修饰两种。综述了MTB和BMs的基本特性及筛选技术,并着重介绍了MTB的改造方法和BMs的功能化策略,最后讨论了MTB改造和BMs功能化在实际应用中的意义以及存在的问题。展望了MTB改造和BMs功能化的发展前景,可能面临的机遇及挑战,以期能够进一步促进MTB和BMs在实际中的应用。Magnetotactic bacteria(MTB)are gram-negative bacteria that can move along magnetic field Lines under the action of an external magnetic field.The bacterial magnetosomes(BMs)in the bacteria are synthesized by MTB through biomineralization.BMs are arranged in chains within MTB and consist of outer membranes and internal magnetite crystals.BMs have the characteristics of uniform size,single magnetic domain,Large specific surface area,good biocompatibility,superparamagnetism and so on,and thus are widely used in the medical field.At present,MTB-based transformation methods are relatively few.And they are mainly biased to further transform the MTB by changing the morphology and composition of BMs.The functional strategies of BMs are relatively more and are mainly categorized into chemical and biological modification.This paper summarizes the basic features and screening techniques of MTB and BMs,focusing on the MTB transformation methods and the BMs functionalization strategies.Finally,the significance and existing problems of MTB transformation and BMs functionalization in practical applications are discussed,aiming at further promoting the practical application of MTB and BMs.

关 键 词：趋磁细菌 改造 磁小体 功能化 

分 类 号：Q939.9[生物学—微生物学]