基于相变传热技术的空间瞬时大热耗载荷级联散热设计  

Cascade Heat Dissipation Design of Space Large Heat Consumption Load Based on Phase Change Heat Transfer Technology

作　　者：李新 韩新民[2] 何书通 刘万发[2] 黄金印[1] 彭方汉[1] 王录[1] 孟繁孔[1] 何江[1] LI Xin;HAN Xinmin;HE Shutong;LIU Wanfa;HUANG Jinyin;PENG Fanghan;WANG Lu;MENG Fankong;HE Jiang(Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Thermal Control Technology,Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing 100094, China;Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间飞行器总体设计部空间热控技术北京市重点实验室,北京100094 [2]中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《航天器工程》2019年第2期63-71,共9页Spacecraft Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61705230)

摘　　要：针对空间千瓦级瞬时大热耗载荷的散热问题,提出了一种"平板蒸汽腔(Vapor Chamber,VC)+相变装置(Phase Changed Material,PCM)+环路热管(Loop Heat Pipe,LHP)"的一体化通用级联散热设计方法。以被动控温为主,采用当量导热系数大于2000W/(m·K)的VC强化传热,进而通过3D打印的导热蜂窝结构PCM强化热量的储存和释放。以某瞬时热耗达3000W的空间载荷为例进行散热设计,通过热分析和热试验验证,结果表明:热源45s和60s工作时间内最大温升分别为12.5℃和19.6℃,温度控制在10～40℃的范围内;修正后的热分析模型与热试验结果对比,绝对误差为1℃左右,相对误差为4.85%。验证了设计方法的正确性,可为同类空间千瓦级瞬时大热耗载荷的热设计提供参考。Aiming at the heat dissipation problem of space kilowatt-level instantaneous large heat load, a general cascade heat dissipation method is proposed, which is the integration of “ flat vapor chamber (VC)+ phase changed material (PCM)+ loop heat pipe (LHP)”. The system is mainly passive thermal control, VC with equivalent thermal conductivity ≥2000W/(m·K) is used to enhance heat transfer, and then PCM with 3D printed thermal honeycomb structure is used to enhance heat storage and release.In this paper, the heat dissipation design of a space load with instantaneous heat consumption up to 3000W is carried out. Through thermal analysis and thermal test verification, the results show that the maximum temperature rise of the heat source is 12.5℃ in 45s and 19.6℃ in 60s, the temperature of which can be controlled in the range of 10~40℃. Comparing the modified thermal analysis model with the thermal test results, the absolute error is about 1℃, and the relative error is 4.85%. The correctness of the design method is verified, which can be used as a reference for thermal design of instantaneous large thermal load of the same kind of space kilowatt-level.

关 键 词：空间瞬时大热耗 相变 一体化 散热设计 

分 类 号：V416[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]