航天器舱外载荷适配器技术综述  

Review of Spacecraft Exposed Payload Adapter Technology

作　　者：康永[1] 周晖[1] 马少君[1] 高波[1] 谭立[1] KANG Yong;ZHOU Hui;MA Shaojun;GAO Bo;TAN Li(Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China)

机构地区：[1]兰州空间技术物理研究所,兰州730000

出　　处：《航天器工程》2019年第2期104-111,共8页Spacecraft Engineering

摘　　要：航天器舱外载荷适配器是一种轻小型空间对接机构,根据操作方式分为被动式和主动式两大类。文章介绍了日本设备调换装置(EEU)、美国飞行可释放连接机械装置(FRAM)等国内外舱外载荷适配器,总结了其引导定位、机械锁紧和电连接的功能实现方式。针对空间机械臂操作、人机工效学存在的无法精确定位和驱动力不足的问题,分析了舱外载荷适配器的工作模式、关键部件、地面试验等关键技术和解决措施。针对未来我国先进载荷任务需求,提出了开展功能强大、承载能力强的主动式适配器研究建议;针对大型高轨航天器,提出了开展被动式适配器技术研究建议。The spacecraft exposed payload adapter is a small and light space docking mechanism. According to the mode of operation, the adapters are divided into passive and active types. The adapters of China and abroad, such as Japanese EEU(equipment exchange unit),American FRAM (flight releasable attachment mechanism) and so on, are introduced. Aiming at the problems of inaccurate positioning and insufficient driving force of manipulator operating and astronaut ergonomics, the key technologies and solutions of work mode, critical parts and ground experiment are analyzed. To meet the requirements of Chinese advanced payload tasks in the future, the active adapter with powerful functions and strong payload-carrying capacity should be studied. Aiming at the large high orbit spacecraft, the passive adapter technology should be studied.

关 键 词：轻小型空间对接机构 航天器舱外载荷适配器 引导定位 机械锁紧 人机工效学 

分 类 号：V526[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]