村镇饮用水不同次氯酸钠消毒模式对比研究  

Comparative study on different sodium hypochlorite disinfection patterns of Rural Drinking Water

作　　者：徐万昌 贾燕南[1,2] 邬晓梅 陈峥[1,2] 乔舒悦 廖丽莎 XU Wanchang;JIA Yannan;WU Xiaomei;CHEN Zheng;QIAO Shuyue;LIAO Lisha(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;National Center for Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research-Beijing,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水利研究所,北京100048 [2]国家节水灌溉工程技术研究中心,北京100048 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院科研计划处,北京100038

出　　处：《中国水利水电科学研究院学报》2019年第2期139-144,共6页Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0408000;2018YFC0408001);中国水科院基本科研业务费项目(ID0145B532016);青海科技成果转化专项(2016-NK-132)

摘　　要：为探讨村镇供水工程的适宜次氯酸钠消毒模式,本文采用室内试验的方法从消毒液品质及其对水质的影响、消毒效果及运行成本三方面对不同应用模式开展对比分析。研究结果表明:离子膜法电解次氯酸钠发生器所产次氯酸钠溶液的有效氯浓度高,分别是无隔膜法、隔膜法电解设备产物和商品次氯酸钠溶液的10.75倍、4.51倍和1.41倍,其杂质氯酸盐和亚氯酸盐浓度极低,投入水体后对水质的影响程度最小;对大肠杆菌的消毒效果表明,4种次氯酸钠消毒应用模式均能在10 min内有效灭菌,采用离子膜法发生器消毒产生的副产物三卤甲烷最少;离子膜法发生器的电耗、盐耗相对较低,运行成本比无隔膜法、隔膜法、商品次氯酸钠溶液分别低46%、56%和81%。由于上述优势,在村镇供水中采用离子膜电解次氯酸钠发生器消毒具有较好的应用前景。In order to study the suitable application patterns in rural water supply projects,laboratory tests were done to make comparative analysis of different application patterns in the following three aspects:the quality of the disinfectant and its influence on water quality,the disinfection effect and the operation cost. The results indicate that the concentration of available chlorine produced by ion-exchange membrane electro lytic sodium hypochlorite generator is the highest, which is 10.75 times,4.51 times and 1.41 times that of the non-diaphragm generator, diaphragm generator and commercial sodium hypochlorite solution,respective ly. The concentrations of chlorate and chlorite in the sodium hypochlorite solution produced by ion-ex change membrane generator are extremely low,which has the least influence on water quality. Escherichia coli can be effectively sterilized by four kinds of sodium hypochlorite disinfection application patterns within 10 minutes,while the concentration of the trihalomethanes disinfection by-product generated during disinfec tion process with ion-exchange membrane generator is the lowest. The operating cost of using ion-exchange membrane generator is 46%,56% and 81% lower than the other three application patterns respectively, which also possesses the lowest power and salt consumptions. All the advantages mentioned above make the application of ion-exchange membrane electrolytic sodium hypochlorite generator attractive for rural drinking water disinfection.

关 键 词：村镇饮用水 消毒 离子膜 次氯酸钠 有效氯 

分 类 号：R123.9[医药卫生—环境卫生学]