大尺度冬小麦-夏玉米微喷灌精准自动施肥增产效应  

Yield increasing effect of precision automatic fertilization and micro-spray irrigation for winter wheat-summer maize in large-scale

作　　者：邢素丽[1] 杜金钟 刘孟朝[1] 贾良良[1] 刘学彤 赵士诚[3] Xing Suli;Du Jinzhong;Liu Mengchao;Jia Liangliang;Liu Xuetong;Zhao Shicheng(Institute of Agro-resources and Environment,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050051,China;Gaocheng District Agricultural Bureau of Shijiazhuang City,Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang,050000,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,石家庄050051 [2]河北省石家庄市藁城区农业局,石家庄050000 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第6期100-106,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD23B0207);河北省科技计划项目(14397502D)

摘　　要：为了明确微喷灌精准自动施肥对冬小麦-夏玉米产量、产值、生产成本效益等的影响,该文以传统施肥技术为对照,设置6.67 hm^2大尺度微喷灌精准自动施肥在冬小麦-夏玉米上的应用效果试验,定量分析微喷灌精准自动施肥对冬小麦和夏玉米产量、产值、生产成本、效益、氮磷用量和灌溉量等方面的影响。结果表明:大尺度冬小麦-夏玉米微喷灌精准自动施肥具有增产、增收、节约成本、节肥、节水的良好应用效果。与传统施肥相比,微喷灌精准自动施肥在冬小麦季显著提高小麦产量,增产10.6%,增加效益43.77%,降低生产成本26.17%,减少氮磷化肥24.20%,节约灌溉用水57.45%。微喷灌精准自动施肥在夏玉米季显著增加玉米产量,增产13.73%,增加效益13.73%,降低生产成本17.09%,减少氮、磷养分用量20.34%,节省灌溉用水36.94%。微喷灌精准自动施肥在冬小麦-夏玉米轮作季增产12.26%,增收效益37.39%,降低生产成本21.85%,减少氮磷化肥22.26%,节省灌溉用水46.51%,具有良好的经济效益和生态效益。研究结果可为该技术的推广提供参考依据,促进农业生产力和农业可持续发展。To illustrate the agronomic and economic effects of precision automatic fertilization and micro-spray irrigation technology on the winter wheat and summer maize,3 field experiments were conducted in Beimeng village(38°14′24.87′′N,114°46′56.41′′E),Fengshang village(38°13′21.6′′N,114°46′48′′E)and Wangxia village(38°2′44.17′′N,115°25′32.98′′E)in Xinji City Gaocheng District from October 2016 to June 2018.Each experiments including 2 treatments of CK and precision automatic fertilization and micro-spray irrigation treatment,the plot area is 6.67 hm^2 for each treatment with 3 replication at random arrangement.The study areas belongs to the typical winter wheat and summer maize rotation in the northern North China Plain,and belongs to the semi-humid climate in warm temperate zone.The average annual temperature is 12.4-12.6℃,the accumulated temperature is 4 181-4 863℃,the annual precipitation is 488.2-498 mm,and the frost-free period is 190-209 days.The winter wheat sown in mid-October,and harvested in next mid-June,the maize sown in mid-June and harvested from the end of September to the beginning of October.Totally 2 winter wheat-summer maize rotation seasons were included in this experiments.For CK treatment,the fertilization rates and allocation budgets were based on farmers’survey in the experiments areas.The winter wheat fertilization rates was N 216,231 and 268.5 kg/hm^2,P2O5 112.5,120 and 105 kg/hm^2,and K2O 112.5,37.5 and 75 kg/hm^2 respectively for each teat sites.All the P and K fertilizer applied before sowing,52%-61%N as basal fertilizer applied before sowing and 39%-48%applied at shooting stage as topdressing.The summer maize fertilization rates were N 306,318 and 294 kg/hm^2,P2O5 36,48 and 60 kg/hm^2,K2O 36,24 and 48 kg/hm^2 respectively for each teat sites,all the P and K fertilizers applied as basal fertilizer,53%-57%N as basal fertilizer applied before sowing and 43%-47%applied at 10 leaf stage as topdressing.The irrigation strategy for CK treatment was

关 键 词：灌溉 作物 精准自动施肥 冬小麦 夏玉米 增产效应 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]