澳大利亚墨累-达令河流域水文气候变化的影响与适应对策  

Field excursion of the hydrology-climate of Murray Darling Basin in Australia

作　　者：宁理科[1,2] 罗勇 姜彤 苏布达[4] 徐影[4] 陈杰[5] 张彦军[5] 聂肃平[4] 王永光 颜明[6] 王艳君[3] 柳鑫[5] 顾磊[5] NING Like;LUO Yong;JIANG Tong;SU Buda;XU Ying;CHEN Jie;ZHANG Yanjun;NIE Suping;WANG Yongguang;YAN Ming;WANG Yanjun;LIU Xin;GU Lei(Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;China Meteorological Administration National Climate Center, Beijing 100081, China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]清华大学地球系统科学系地球系统数值模拟教育部重点实验室,北京100084 [3]南京信息工程大学,南京210044 [4]中国气象局国家气候中心,北京100081 [5]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [6]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《自然杂志》2019年第2期132-136,共5页Chinese Journal of Nature

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2017YFA0603703);国家自然科学基金(41701023)资助

摘　　要：应澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织(Commonwealth scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, CSIRO)邀请,2018年4月清华大学组织科技考察团赴澳大利亚墨累-达令河流域开展为期一周的科学考察。考察团从墨累河出海口逆流而上,通过学习交流、现场考察和访问农场等方式,与澳大利亚同行们进行了深入交流,对澳大利亚墨累-达令河流域的气候变化与水的影响与适应对策研究,尤其是陆面水文-气候、极端水文研究、水资源管理体系的最新动态,及其气候变化应对与减缓、极端水文事件风险管理等进一步了解。此次考察对认识多时空尺度的气候-陆面-水文相互作用机理及其对自然强迫和人类活动(含人为强迫和下垫面人类活动)的响应机制,揭示全球气候系统能量-水循环动态演变规律和极端水文事件变化成因,构建全球增暖背景下应对极端水文事件的风险管理体系,提出中国适应性对策具有重要的借鉴意义。At the invitation of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, a scientific research delegation organized by Tsinghua University went to the Murray Darling Basin in Australia for a one-week field excursion in April 2018. The delegation went upstream from the mouth of the Murray Darling River to Canberra, and conducted in-depth exchanges with Australian counterparts and farmers. The research status of hydrology-climate, risk management of extreme hydrological events, water management systems, and climate change mitigation are further understood. The results are beneficial to understand the atmosphericland surface-hydrological interaction mechanism of multi-temporal scale and its impact on natural forcing and human activities, to uncover the response mechanism of forced and underlying human activities, to reveal the dynamic evolution of energy-water cycle and the causes of extreme hydrological events in the global climate system, to construct a risk management system for extreme hydrological events in the context of global warming, and to propose China’s adaptive countermeasures.

关 键 词：墨累-达令河 极端水文事件 水权与水价 盐碱化 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学] P467[水利工程—水文学及水资源]